8. Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
рдЗрд╕ рдкреЗрдЬ рдкрд░ рдЖрдкрдХреЛ 8. Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids рдХреЗ рд╕рднреА рдорд╣рддреНрд╡рдкреВрд░реНрдг рдмрд╣реБрд╡рд┐рдХрд▓реНрдкреАрдп рдкреНрд░рд╢реНрди (MCQ), рдкрд░реАрдХреНрд╖рд╛ рдЙрдкрдпреЛрдЧреА рдиреЛрдЯреНрд╕ рдФрд░ рдСрдирд▓рд╛рдЗрди рдХреНрд╡рд┐рдЬрд╝ рдорд┐рд▓реЗрдВрдЧреЗред рдЕрдкрдиреЗ рдЬреНрдЮрд╛рди рдХрд╛ рдкрд░реАрдХреНрд╖рдг рдХрд░рдиреЗ рдФрд░ рдмреЛрд░реНрдб/рдкреНрд░рддрд┐рдпреЛрдЧреА рдкрд░реАрдХреНрд╖рд╛ рдореЗрдВ рд╢рдд-рдкреНрд░рддрд┐рд╢рдд рдЕрдВрдХ рдкреНрд░рд╛рдкреНрдд рдХрд░рдиреЗ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдиреАрдЪреЗ рджрд┐рдП рдЧрдП рдореЙрдХ рдЯреЗрд╕реНрдЯ рдореЗрдВ рдЕрд╡рд╢реНрдп рднрд╛рдЧ рд▓реЗрдВред
ЁЯСЙ рдЕрдзреНрдпрд╛рдп рдХрд╛ рд╕рд╛рд░рд╛рдВрд╢ (Summary)
Dear students, in this chapter, we will comprehensively study 1 extremely important and fascinating class of organic compounds known as Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids. The most significant and defining feature of all these 3 types of compounds is the presence of 1 carbon-oxygen double bond (C=O), which is scientifically referred to as the carbonyl group. This carbonyl group is 1 very strong and highly reactive functional group in organic chemistry, making these compounds highly versatile.
If we connect science to our kitchen and nature, you will easily observe that nature has abundantly utilized these compounds. When you eat 1 delicious vanilla ice cream, the sweet and captivating fragrance comes directly from 'vanillin', which is actually 1 specific aldehyde. The sharp and distinct smell of cinnamon is due to 'cinnamaldehyde'. In our daily lives, vinegar is used in almost every household for making pickles or dishes like noodles; this vinegar is practically a 5 to 8 percent aqueous solution of 1 carboxylic acid (acetic acid). Similarly, the nail polish remover or thinner that girls frequently use is 'acetone', which is 1 of the simplest and most common ketones. In hospital laboratories, biological specimens and organs of dead organisms are preserved for a long time using 'formalin', which is a 40 percent aqueous solution of formaldehyde.
From the strict perspective of your upcoming NCERT and RBSE board exams, this chapter is highly scoring and undoubtedly 1 of the most crucial chapters in organic chemistry. In the board examinations, analytical and conceptual questions based on IUPAC nomenclature, highly important name reactions, and the exact order of acidic strength are guaranteed to be asked. Within this chapter, we will 1st understand the logical naming conventions and the polar nature of the carbonyl group, because it is exactly this polarity that allows these compounds to readily undergo nucleophilic addition reactions.
Moving forward in the chapter, we will deeply analyze the various chemical methods for preparing aldehydes and ketones. Name reactions like the Rosenmund reduction, Stephen reaction, and Etard reaction are the absolute heart of this chapter. Following this, understanding the Aldol condensation and Cannizzaro reaction is the best way to secure maximum marks in the board exam. We will also learn exactly how to differentiate between aldehydes and ketones using the Tollens test and Fehling test. These practical tests produce 1 beautiful silver mirror or 1 red precipitate in the laboratory, making the learning process incredibly exciting. Finally, we will closely study the acidic nature of carboxylic acids and the precise effect of electron-withdrawing groups on their acidity. The Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky (HVZ) reaction is another extremely vital chemical process we will cover. The main reason for the high acidity of these acids is the stabilization of the carboxylate ion through resonance.
To ensure your 100 percent strong preparation, we have carefully selected these accurate and purely exam-oriented objective questions (MCQs). These targeted questions will not only help clear your theoretical concepts completely but will also massively increase your self-confidence and your exact answering accuracy in the final examination hall.
Feature: This is 1 unique 3-Level based quiz. To unlock the next level (Level 2 and 3), students must score at least 70% in the current level, which makes their board exam preparation 100% strong.
рдорд╣рддреНрд╡рдкреВрд░реНрдг рдкреНрд░рд╢реНрди (Important Questions)
PDF рдбрд╛рдЙрдирд▓реЛрдб рдХрд░реЗрдВрдЕрдзреНрдпрд╛рдп рдХреЗ рд╕рднреА рдкреНрд░рд╢реНрди (Revision Notes)
*рдиреЛрдЯ: рдпрд╣ рд╕реЗрдХреНрд╢рди рд░рд┐рд╡реАрдЬрди рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рд╣реИред рдЕрдкрдирд╛ рдЬреНрдЮрд╛рди рдкрд░рдЦрдиреЗ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдКрдкрд░ рджрд┐рдП рдЧрдП рдХреНрд╡рд┐рдЬрд╝ рдореЗрдВ рднрд╛рдЧ рд▓реЗрдВред
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The hybridization of the carbon atom in the carbonyl group (C=O) is?
A) sp | B) sp2 | C) sp3 | D) dsp2 -
What is a 40% aqueous solution of formaldehyde (HCHO) called?
A) Formalin | B) Tollens' reagent | C) Fehling's solution | D) Benzene -
Fehling's solution 'A' is an aqueous solution of which of the following?
A) ZnCl2 | B) CuSO4 | C) NaCl | D) FeSO4 -
What is obtained from Clemmensen reduction?
A) Alkane | B) Aldehyde | C) Ketone | D) Carboxylic acid -
From what is 'Chloretone', used as an anesthetic, prepared?
A) Aldehyde | B) Ketone (Acetone) | C) Ether | D) Acid -
The functional group formula of the carboxylic group is?
A) -CHO | B) -CO- | C) -COOH | D) -OH -
Which acid is mainly found in vinegar?
A) Methanoic acid | B) Ethanoic acid | C) Propanoic acid | D) Benzoic acid -
What is obtained on the oxidation of an aldehyde?
A) Alcohol | B) Ketone | C) Carboxylic acid | D) Ether -
Which acid is present in an ant's sting?
A) Formic acid | B) Acetic acid | C) Oxalic acid | D) Citric acid -
What is the IUPAC name of acetone?
A) Propanal | B) Propanone | C) Ethanal | D) Butanone -
The product formed in Aldol condensation is?
A) ╬▓-Unsaturated ether | B) ╬▓-Hydroxy acid | C) ╬▓-Hydroxy aldehyde | D) ╬▒-Hydroxy aldehyde -
Which of the following will have the highest boiling point?
A) Alcohol | B) Ether | C) Aldehyde | D) Ketone -
The main catalyst used in Rosenmund reduction is?
A) H2 | B) PdтАУBaSO4 | C) Zn-Hg | D) SnCl2 -
Which acid is known as 'Glacial Acetic Acid'?
A) 100% pure acetic acid | B) 10% acetic acid | C) Formic acid | D) Propanoic acid -
The reagent used to distinguish between aldehydes and ketones is?
A) Tollens' reagent | B) Schiff's reagent | C) Fehling's solution | D) All of the above -
What will be the IUPAC name: CH3-CO-CH2-CH3?
A) Propanone | B) Butan-2-one | C) Butan-1-one | D) Pentanone -
Carboxylic acids turn blue litmus?
A) Red | B) Yellow | C) Colorless | D) No effect -
What is prepared by Stephen reaction?
A) Aldehyde | B) Ketone | C) Acid | D) Alcohol -
What is prepared by Gattermann-Koch reaction?
A) Benzaldehyde | B) Acetophenone | C) Benzoic acid | D) Phenol -
Hydration of an aldehyde forms?
A) Gem-diol | B) Vic-diol | C) Ether | D) Ketone -
Which of the following compounds will give a yellow precipitate with NaOH and iodine (Iodoform test)?
A) Formaldehyde | B) Benzaldehyde | C) Propiophenone | D) Acetophenone -
Which will undergo Aldol condensation?
A) Acetone | B) Benzaldehyde | C) Formaldehyde | D) Chloral -
Which undergoes Cannizzaro reaction?
A) Aldehyde with ╬▒-H | B) Ketone with ╬▒-H | C) Aldehyde without ╬▒-H | D) Ketone without ╬▒-H -
In which of the following will nucleophilic addition reaction be fastest?
A) HCHO | B) CH3CHO | C) CH3COCH3 | D) C6H5CHO -
A liquid A + Ethanol + Conc. H2SO4 тЖТ Fruity smell. Liquid A is?
A) HCHO | B) CH3COCH3 | C) CH3COOH | D) CH3OH -
What is used to obtain benzoyl chloride from benzoic acid?
A) Cl2, hv | B) SO2Cl2 | C) SOCl2 | D) Cl2, H2O -
A carboxylic acid A + Sodalime (heat) тЖТ Ethane. Acid A is?
A) Ethanoic acid | B) Methanoic acid | C) Propanoic acid | D) Benzoic acid -
The correct increasing order of acidic strength is?
A) Cl-AcOH < AcOH < F-AcOH | B) AcOH < Cl-AcOH < F-AcOH | C) F-AcOH < AcOH < Cl-AcOH | D) F-AcOH < Cl-AcOH < AcOH -
Reduction of CH2=CH-CHO with Ni/H2 will yield?
A) Propan-1-ol | B) Prop-2-en-1-ol | C) Propan-2-ol | D) Propanone -
Reduction of acetone with NaBH4 will yield?
A) Isopropyl alcohol | B) n-Propyl alcohol | C) Isobutyl alcohol | D) Aldehyde -
What is formed by the oxidation of ethylbenzene with KMnO4?
A) Benzyl alcohol | B) Benzophenone | C) Acetophenone | D) Benzoic acid -
Which reaction is used to determine the position of a double bond?
A) Reduction | B) Hydration | C) Ozonolysis | D) Halogenation -
Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde can be distinguished by?
A) Schiff's reagent | B) Tollens' reagent | C) Fehling's solution | D) Iodoform test -
Which of the following compounds does not undergo Friedel-Crafts reaction?
A) Benzene | B) Benzoic acid | C) Chlorobenzene | D) Toluene -
Why is the boiling point of carboxylic acids higher than corresponding alcohols?
A) Higher molecular weight | B) Strong intermolecular H-bonding (Dimer formation) | C) Covalent nature | D) Branching -
The medicine Urotropine is prepared from?
A) HCHO + NH3 | B) CH3CHO + NH3 | C) Acetone + NH3 | D) Acid + NH3 -
The aldehyde that does not reduce Fehling's solution is?
A) HCHO | B) CH3CHO | C) Benzaldehyde | D) Propanal -
Which is the best reagent to convert pent-3-en-2-ol to pent-3-en-2-one?
A) KMnO4 | B) K2Cr2O7 | C) PCC (PDC) | D) CrO3 -
What is the effect of an electron withdrawing group (EWG) on the acidity of carboxylic acids?
A) Acidity decreases | B) Acidity increases | C) No effect | D) Remains constant -
Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky (HVZ) reaction is meant for?
A) Carboxylic acids with ╬▒-H | B) Aldehydes | C) Ketones | D) Ethers -
The correct order of reactivity towards nucleophilic addition reaction is?
A) HCHO < CH3CHO < Acetone | B) CH3CHO < HCHO < Acetone | C) Acetone < CH3CHO < HCHO | D) Acetone < HCHO < CH3CHO -
A compound with formula C6H12 yields acetone on ozonolysis. It is?
A) 3-Methylpent-1-ene | B) Cyclohexane | C) 3-Methylbut-2-ene | D) 2,3-Dimethylbut-2-ene -
Propanoic acid + Br2/Red P тЖТ Product. The product is?
A) 2-bromobutanoic acid | B) 3-bromopropanoic acid | C) 2-bromopropanoic acid | D) Propanoic acid -
Which will give the corresponding alcohol and acid salt (Cannizzaro) with concentrated NaOH?
A) C6H5CHO | B) CH3CH2CH2CHO | C) CH3COCH3 | D) C6H5CH2CHO -
The acid with the lowest pKa value (strongest acid) is?
A) CH3COOH | B) HCOOH | C) (CH3)2CHCOOH | D) CH3CH2COOH -
What is the correct order of the rate of addition of HCN? A:HCHO, B:Acetone, C:CH3CHO, D:PhCOPh
A) A < B < C < D | B) D > B < A < C | C) D < B < C < A | D) C < D < B < A -
Electrolysis of an aqueous solution of sodium propanoate yields?
A) Ethane | B) Methane | C) Butane | D) Propane -
A compound C3H6O gives a precipitate with 2,4-DNP but does not reduce Tollens' reagent. It is?
A) Propanone | B) Butanone | C) Acetaldehyde | D) Propanal -
What will be obtained by the ozonolysis of ethene?
A) HCHO (two molecules) | B) CH3CHO | C) Acetone | D) Butanone -
Oxidation of a primary alcohol by PCC yields?
A) Aldehyde | B) Ketone | C) R-X | D) Acid -
What do carboxylic acids form when heated with ammonia?
A) Amine | B) Amide | C) Cyanide | D) Nitrile -
Heating acetone with concentrated H2SO4 (Asymmetric condensation) yields?
A) Benzene | B) Mesitylene | C) Phorone | D) Mesityl oxide -
Reacting benzaldehyde with NH2NH2 (Hydrazine) forms?
A) Benzaldehyde hydrazone | B) Schiff base | C) Alcohol | D) Acid -
The reaction of Grignard reagent with CO2 yields?
A) Aldehyde | B) Ketone | C) Carboxylic acid | D) Alcohol -
Oxidation of ethylbenzene by alkaline KMnO4 yields?
A) Benzoic acid | B) Benzaldehyde | C) Acetophenone | D) Phenol -
Carboxylic acids react with PCl5 to form?
A) Acid chloride (R-COCl) | B) Alkyl chloride | C) Aldehyde | D) Alcohol -
Which of the following reactions does not result in C-C bond formation?
A) Aldol | B) Cannizzaro | C) Grignard addition | D) HVZ reaction -
Heating acetone with amalgamated zinc (Zn-Hg) and concentrated HCl yields?
A) Propane | B) Propanol | C) Propanone | D) Acetaldehyde -
What is the effect of steric hindrance on the nucleophilic addition reaction of an aldehyde?
A) Rate decreases | B) Rate increases | C) No effect | D) Remains constant -
What is the minimum number of ╬▒-H atoms required for Aldol condensation?
A) 0 | B) 1 | C) 2 | D) 3
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