8. Microbes in Human Welfare
рдЗрд╕ рдкреЗрдЬ рдкрд░ рдЖрдкрдХреЛ 8. Microbes in Human Welfare рдХреЗ рд╕рднреА рдорд╣рддреНрд╡рдкреВрд░реНрдг рдмрд╣реБрд╡рд┐рдХрд▓реНрдкреАрдп рдкреНрд░рд╢реНрди (MCQ), рдкрд░реАрдХреНрд╖рд╛ рдЙрдкрдпреЛрдЧреА рдиреЛрдЯреНрд╕ рдФрд░ рдСрдирд▓рд╛рдЗрди рдХреНрд╡рд┐рдЬрд╝ рдорд┐рд▓реЗрдВрдЧреЗред рдЕрдкрдиреЗ рдЬреНрдЮрд╛рди рдХрд╛ рдкрд░реАрдХреНрд╖рдг рдХрд░рдиреЗ рдФрд░ рдмреЛрд░реНрдб/рдкреНрд░рддрд┐рдпреЛрдЧреА рдкрд░реАрдХреНрд╖рд╛ рдореЗрдВ рд╢рдд-рдкреНрд░рддрд┐рд╢рдд рдЕрдВрдХ рдкреНрд░рд╛рдкреНрдд рдХрд░рдиреЗ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдиреАрдЪреЗ рджрд┐рдП рдЧрдП рдореЙрдХ рдЯреЗрд╕реНрдЯ рдореЗрдВ рдЕрд╡рд╢реНрдп рднрд╛рдЧ рд▓реЗрдВред
ЁЯСЙ рдЕрдзреНрдпрд╛рдп рдХрд╛ рд╕рд╛рд░рд╛рдВрд╢ (Summary)
Dear students, in this chapter, we will deeply study 1 extremely interesting and highly practical branch of biology connected directly to our daily life: 'Microbes in Human Welfare'. In the previous chapters, we have often viewed microscopic organisms merely as a source of severe diseases and massive damage. Whenever we hear the word 'microbes' or 'bacteria', the very 1st thought that comes to our mind is usually about sickness. However, the real magic of biology is that not everything in nature is created merely to cause harm. A very large portion of the microbes present on Earth is not only highly beneficial for us but is also 100 percent essential for the very survival of the entire planet.
Instead of just cramming science in closed books, if we logically connect it with our home kitchen and the surrounding world, it feels extremely magical. Have you ever thought deeply about how your mother mixes 1 little bit of curd into warm milk at night, and by morning, that entire milk magically transforms into thick and delicious curd? This is no magic trick, but it is 100 percent the scientific marvel of 1 highly friendly and useful bacteria named Lactobacillus. Similarly, when we eat soft, fluffy bread from a bakery or enjoy South Indian food like idli and dosa, the biggest contribution behind making them so soft and porous is actually from 1 microscopic organism called yeast. If these beneficial microbes did not exist, the taste and nutritional value of our daily food would massively decrease.
From the strict perspective of the upcoming NCERT and RBSE board exams, this specific chapter of biology is highly scoring and extremely important for your 100 percent success. In the board exams, not only direct theoretical questions are asked from this chapter, but excellent analytical questions based on sewage treatment, biogas production, and biocontrol agents definitely appear in the final exam paper every single year without fail. In this highly exciting journey, we will 1st study the diverse uses of microbes in household products and at the massive industrial level very closely. We will learn how life-saving antibiotic medicines like Penicillin were accidentally discovered and how they are manufactured using fungi, which have successfully saved millions of human lives globally. Additionally, we will logically analyze the extraction of bioactive molecules like Cyclosporin A, used during organ transplants, and Statins, which are extremely useful in lowering blood cholesterol levels.
Moving 1 little further in the chapter, we will deeply study the highly complex process of 'Sewage Treatment'. Releasing millions of gallons of dirty wastewater from our rapidly growing cities directly into rivers without cleaning it is highly dangerous. This massive cleaning task is done not by giant machines, but strictly by anaerobic and aerobic microbes during the secondary treatment stage to organically reduce biological oxygen demand. The production of highly flammable methane gas in biogas plants is also carried out by these exact microbes known as methanogens, naturally serving as 1 highly excellent alternative for clean cooking fuel in rural villages. Furthermore, due to the continuous use of toxic chemical pesticides, our agricultural soil is rapidly becoming highly toxic. The absolute safest scientific solution to this severe problem is the extensive use of 'Biocontrol Agents' and 'Biofertilizers'. Here, we strategically use 1 living organism to precisely kill other harmful insects, and effectively use mycorrhiza to organically increase the overall fertility of the soil without causing any harm to the ecosystem.
To perfectly ensure your excellent and 100 percent strong preparation, we have meticulously selected and prepared completely accurate, high-level, and highly exam-useful objective questions (MCQs) from all these complex topics. By continuously practicing again and again, you will surely learn critical time management and massively increase your speed of solving questions without making even 1 single mistake.
Feature: This is 1 3-Level based unique quiz. To unlock the next level (Level 2 and 3), students must score at least 70% in the current level, making their board exam preparation 100% strong.
рдорд╣рддреНрд╡рдкреВрд░реНрдг рдкреНрд░рд╢реНрди (Important Questions)
PDF рдбрд╛рдЙрдирд▓реЛрдб рдХрд░реЗрдВрдЕрдзреНрдпрд╛рдп рдХреЗ рд╕рднреА рдкреНрд░рд╢реНрди (Revision Notes)
*рдиреЛрдЯ: рдпрд╣ рд╕реЗрдХреНрд╢рди рд░рд┐рд╡реАрдЬрди рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рд╣реИред рдЕрдкрдирд╛ рдЬреНрдЮрд╛рди рдкрд░рдЦрдиреЗ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдКрдкрд░ рджрд┐рдП рдЧрдП рдХреНрд╡рд┐рдЬрд╝ рдореЗрдВ рднрд╛рдЧ рд▓реЗрдВред
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Name of the bacteria that converts milk to curd?
A) Rhizobium | B) Lactobacillus (LAB) | C) E. coli | D) Streptococcus -
Which vitamin increases in curd, making it beneficial for health?
A) Vitamin A | B) Vitamin B12 | C) Vitamin C | D) Vitamin D -
Which microbe is used to make Bread?
A) Bacteria | B) Baker's Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) | C) Fungi | D) Virus -
A traditional South Indian drink 'Toddy' is made from?
A) Rice | B) Fermentation of sap from palms | C) Coconut water | D) Milk -
Large holes in Swiss cheese are due to production of?
A) O2 | B) CO2 | C) CH4 | D) N2 -
Source of the first antibiotic 'Penicillin' is?
A) Bacteria | B) Penicillium notatum (Fungi) | C) Virus | D) Algae -
Microbe used for producing fermented beverages like wine and beer?
A) Brewer's Yeast | B) Lactic acid bacteria | C) Acetobacter | D) None -
Main component of Biogas is?
A) CO2 | B) Methane (CH4) | C) H2S | D) H2 -
In which step of Sewage treatment are microbes used?
A) Primary treatment | B) Secondary treatment (Biological) | C) Tertiary treatment | D) Filtration -
In BT-cotton, 'Bt' refers to which bacteria?
A) Bacillus thuringiensis | B) Bacteroides | C) Botulinum | D) None -
Who discovered Penicillin?
A) Louis Pasteur | B) Alexander Fleming | C) Robert Koch | D) Mendel -
Which bacteria helps in Vinegar production?
A) Lactobacillus | B) Acetobacter aceti | C) Yeast | D) Methanogens -
Antibiotics are mainly used to treat which diseases?
A) Bacterial diseases | B) Viral diseases | C) Fungal diseases | D) All -
Free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria in soil is?
A) Azotobacter | B) Rhizobium | C) Plasmodium | D) E. coli -
Main sources of Biofertilisers are?
A) Bacteria | B) Fungi | C) Cyanobacteria | D) All of the above -
Roquefort cheese is ripened with what to give it specific flavor?
A) Bacteria | B) Fungi | C) Virus | D) Algae -
Full form of STP is?
A) Sewage Treatment Plant | B) Small Town Plan | C) Serum Test Process | D) None -
What are Flocs?
A) Soil particles | B) Masses of bacteria associated with fungal filaments | C) Plastic waste | D) Iron particles -
Where are Methanogens bacteria found?
A) Rumen of cattle | B) Dung | C) Anaerobic sludge of sewage treatment | D) All of the above -
Immunosuppressive agent 'Cyclosporin-A' is obtained from which fungus?
A) Trichoderma polysporum | B) Monascus purpureus | C) Penicillium | D) Yeast -
Assertion (A): Reduction of BOD is necessary in sewage treatment.
Reason (R): High BOD indicates highly polluted water.
A) Both A and R are true, R is correct explanation | B) Both A and R are true, R is not correct explanation | C) A is true, R is false | D) A is false, R is true -
What is done in the Activated sludge process?
A) Sedimentation | B) Recycling to aeration tank to increase microbes | C) Direct release to river | D) Incineration -
Blood cholesterol lowering 'Statins' are obtained from?
A) Bacteria | B) Yeast (Monascus purpureus) | C) Fungi | D) Plants -
Symbiotic relationship between fungi and roots of higher plants is?
A) Lichen | B) Mycorrhiza | C) Parasitism | D) Commensalism -
Assertion (A): Bt-toxin is not harmful to humans.
Reason (R): It becomes active only in the alkaline pH of insect gut.
A) Both A and R are true, R is correct explanation | B) Both A and R are true, R is not correct explanation | C) A is true | D) R is true -
Where is 'Trichoderma' used as a bio-control agent?
A) Pest control | B) Treatment of plant diseases (Root ecosystem) | C) Food preservation | D) None -
Important biofertiliser in paddy fields is?
A) Rhizobium | B) Cyanobacteria (e.g., Anabaena) | C) Yeast | D) Fungi -
In which year were Fleming, Chain and Florey awarded the Nobel Prize?
A) 1945 | B) 1950 | C) 1960 | D) 1930 -
Which enzyme is added to Detergents to remove oily stains?
A) Pectinase | B) Lipases | C) Cellulase | D) Protease -
Assertion (A): Rhizobium fixes nitrogen only in Legumes.
Reason (R): It forms nodules on roots.
A) Both A and R are true | B) A is false | C) R is false | D) Both false -
What is primarily done in the Primary treatment of sewage?
A) Biological digestion | B) Physical filtration and sedimentation | C) Chlorination | D) None -
Raw material used in a Biogas plant is?
A) Dung | B) Agricultural waste | C) Water | D) Both A and B -
Main goal of IPM (Integrated Pest Management) is?
A) Killing all insects | B) Control of only harmful pests and ecological balance | C) High use of chemicals | D) None -
Industrial production of Citric acid is from which microbe?
A) Aspergillus niger | B) Acetobacter | C) Lactobacillus | D) Yeast -
Why is Streptokinase enzyme used in medicine?
A) Pain relief | B) Removing clots from blood vessels | C) Digestion | D) Preventing infection -
Where do Cyanobacteria fix atmospheric nitrogen?
A) In Heterocysts | B) In chloroplasts | C) In nucleus | D) In cell wall -
Baculoviruses control which class of pests?
A) Arthropods | B) Mammals | C) Birds | D) Fish -
Difference between Beer and Wine production?
A) Wine is made by distillation | B) Beer is made without distillation | C) Both same | D) B is true -
Fungus 'Glomus' provides which nutrient to the plant?
A) Nitrogen | B) Phosphorus | C) Potassium | D) Iron -
Slurry left after biogas production is used as?
A) Discarded | B) Manure | C) Drinking water | D) None -
What is the full form of BOD?
A) Biological Oxygen Demand | B) Biochemical Oxygen Demand | C) Basic Oxygen Dose | D) None -
Which gases are produced in Anaerobic sludge digesters?
A) Only methane | B) Methane, H2S and CO2 | C) Only O2 | D) N2 and H2 -
To which genus do Baculoviruses belong that are important for bio-control?
A) Nucleopolyhedrovirus | B) Retrovirus | C) Rhino virus | D) Pox virus -
Ladybird and Dragonfly help in controlling?
A) Mosquito and Aphids | B) Aphids and Mosquitoes | C) Flies and Rats | D) None -
Bacterium producing Butyric acid is?
A) Clostridium butylicum | B) Lactobacillus | C) Acetobacter | D) Aspergillus -
Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is NOT used for producing?
A) Bread | B) Ethanol | C) Antibiotics | D) Beer -
In bio-control, 'Species specific' means?
A) It kills all organisms | B) It affects only the target pest | C) It spoils soil | D) None -
Plants with Mycorrhiza are resistant to?
A) Root pathogens | B) Salinity and Drought | C) Both A and B | D) None -
Most suitable raw material for large-scale production of ethanol is?
A) Grapes | B) Molasses | C) Rice | D) Maize -
Is Biogas a renewable energy source?
A) Yes | B) No | C) Don't know | D) Only for villages -
Which acid is produced during milk fermentation?
A) Acetic acid | B) Lactic acid | C) Citric acid | D) Amino acid -
Who first used the term 'Antibiotics'?
A) Fleming | B) Waksman | C) Pasteur | D) Lister -
Which plan was implemented to clean the Yamuna in cities like Delhi?
A) Ganga Action Plan | B) Yamuna Action Plan | C) Namami Gange | D) Swachh Bharat -
Anaerobic bacteria that grow on cellulose are called?
A) Aerobes | B) Methanogens | C) Cyanobacteria | D) Fungi -
Process of digestion in a Biogas plant is?
A) Aerobic | B) Anaerobic | C) Both | D) None -
Blue-green algae (BGA) increase what in the soil?
A) Salt | B) Organic matter | C) Sand | D) Acid -
High BOD value of a water body indicates?
A) Water has very low oxygen | B) Water is highly polluted | C) Organic waste is high | D) All of the above -
Who discovered Fermentation?
A) Louis Pasteur | B) Fleming | C) Koch | D) Mendel -
Antibiotics helped in the fight against which diseases?
A) Whopping cough | B) Diphtheria | C) Leprosy | D) All of the above -
KVIC's contribution to Biogas technology development?
A) No contribution | B) Promoted technology in rural areas | C) Only for cities | D) None
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