7. Human Health and Disease

*नोट: यह सेक्शन रिवीजन के लिए है। अपना ज्ञान परखने के लिए ऊपर दिए गए क्विज़ में भाग लें।

1. Main antibody found in Colostrum is?
   A) IgG  |  B) IgM  |  C) IgA  |  D) IgE
2. What is a property of cancer cells?
   A) Loss of contact inhibition  |  B) Slow growth  |  C) Limited division  |  D) None
3. Which antibody increases in the body during allergy?
   A) IgA  |  B) IgE  |  C) IgG  |  D) IgM
4. On what principle is Vaccine or vaccination based?
   A) Digestion  |  B) Memory  |  C) Respiration  |  D) Excretion
5. Which plant is the source of Opioids (Poppy)?
   A) Cannabis sativa  |  B) Papaver somniferum  |  C) Datura  |  D) Coca
6. Stimulant found in tobacco is?
   A) Caffeine  |  B) Nicotine  |  C) Cocaine  |  D) Morphine
7. Full form of AIDS is?
   A) Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome  |  B) Auto Immune Disease System  |  C) All Immune Deficiency  |  D) None
8. Virus-infected cells secrete which protein that protects other cells?
   A) Insulin  |  B) Interferon  |  C) Haemoglobin  |  D) Histamine
9. How many hosts does the malaria parasite need to complete its life cycle?
   A) One  |  B) Two (Human and Mosquito)  |  C) Three  |  D) Four
10. Cells of the immune system that produce antibodies?
    A) T-cells  |  B) B-lymphocytes  |  C) RBC  |  D) Platelets
11. Which test is used for confirmation of Typhoid?
    A) ELISA  |  B) Widal test  |  C) Biopsy  |  D) Sonography
12. Who is the pathogen for Malaria?
    A) Bacteria  |  B) Virus  |  C) Plasmodium  |  D) Fungi
13. How many polypeptide chains are in the structure of an antibody?
    A) 2  |  B) 4 (2 heavy, 2 light)  |  C) 6  |  D) 1
14. Transmission of AIDS does NOT occur through?
    A) Infected blood  |  B) Sexual contact  |  C) Handshake  |  D) Infected needles
15. Elephantiasis is caused by which organism?
    A) Ascaris  |  B) Wuchereria  |  C) Entamoeba  |  D) Plasmodium
16. Which body organ is affected by Pneumonia?
    A) Liver  |  B) Lungs  |  C) Heart  |  D) Brain
17. What is the shape of an Antibody molecule?
    A) X-shape  |  B) Y-shape  |  C) O-shape  |  D) L-shape
18. Common Cold is caused by which group of viruses?
    A) Retro viruses  |  B) Rhino viruses  |  C) Bacteriophage  |  D) HIV
19. Immunity present since birth is called?
    A) Acquired immunity  |  B) Innate immunity  |  C) Active immunity  |  D) Passive immunity
20. What is the cause of Ringworm?
    A) Bacteria  |  B) Fungi  |  C) Virus  |  D) Protozoan
21. Assertion (A): Passive immunity provides immediate relief. Reason (R): In this, readymade antibodies are directly injected into the body.
    A) Both A and R are true, R is correct explanation  |  B) Both A and R are true, R is not correct explanation  |  C) A is true, R is false  |  D) A is false, R is true
22. What is the meaning of Metastasis?
    A) Cell becoming healthy  |  B) Cancer cells spreading to other parts of the body  |  C) Healing of a wound  |  D) Clotting of blood
23. Cocaine interferes with the function of which neurotransmitter?
    A) Dopamine transport  |  B) Serotonin  |  C) Insulin  |  D) None
24. Which chemicals are secreted during allergy?
    A) Insulin and Glucagon  |  B) Histamine and Serotonin  |  C) Thyroxine  |  D) Adrenaline
25. Example of an Auto-immune disease is?
    A) AIDS  |  B) Rheumatoid arthritis  |  C) Malaria  |  D) Typhoid
26. How is Active immunity acquired?
    A) Taking pre-formed antibodies  |  B) Exposure to living or dead microbes  |  C) Taking vitamins  |  D) None
27. What is done in 'Biopsy' for cancer identification?
    A) Blood test  |  B) Examination of a thin slice of tissue section  |  C) X-ray test  |  D) None
28. How is Amoebiasis transmitted?
    A) Mosquito bite  |  B) Contaminated food and water  |  C) Air  |  D) Handshake
29. Assertion (A): AIDS is a viral disease. Reason (R): HIV is a retrovirus with an RNA genome.
    A) Both A and R are true, R is correct explanation  |  B) Both A and R are true, R is not correct explanation  |  C) Both false  |  D) A is true, R is false
30. Lymphoid organs where lymphocytes mature?
    A) Liver  |  B) Bone marrow & Thymus  |  C) Heart  |  D) Lungs
31. Infectious stage of Plasmodium that enters humans?
    A) Gametocyte  |  B) Sporozoite  |  C) Trophozoite  |  D) Merozoite
32. Why is a Malignant tumor more dangerous than a Benign tumor?
    A) It grows rapidly and shows metastasis  |  B) It remains stationary  |  C) It does not cause pain  |  D) None
33. Lymphoid tissue located within the lining of respiratory, digestive and urogenital tracts?
    A) Spleen  |  B) MALT  |  C) Tonsils  |  D) Lymph nodes
34. Which cells does HIV attack to weaken the immune system?
    A) RBC  |  B) Helper T-cells (TH cells)  |  C) Platelets  |  D) B-cells
35. Effect of drugs and alcohol abuse on adolescence?
    A) Drop in academic performance  |  B) Mental depression  |  C) Aggressive behavior  |  D) All of the above
36. What is the basis of the ELISA test for AIDS?
    A) DNA replication  |  B) Antigen-Antibody reaction  |  C) Protein synthesis  |  D) None
37. Main effect of Narcotic drugs is?
    A) Excitement  |  B) Pain relief and sleep  |  C) Increasing appetite  |  D) Raising blood pressure
38. Assertion (A): Elephantiasis is transmitted by mosquitoes. Reason (R): Wuchereria parasite lives in lymphatic vessels.
    A) Both are true  |  B) Both are false  |  C) Only A is true  |  D) Only R is true
39. Smoking increases the risk of cancer in which organ?
    A) Liver  |  B) Lungs  |  C) Kidney  |  D) Brain
40. What is the benefit of Memory in the immune system?
    A) Fast and specific response on re-infection  |  B) Food digestion  |  C) Blood formation  |  D) None
41. Which toxin causes Chills during malaria fever?
    A) Haemozoin  |  B) Haemoglobin  |  C) Plasmodin  |  D) Toxin
42. Which are the Primary lymphoid organs?
    A) Spleen and Lymph nodes  |  B) Bone marrow and Thymus  |  C) Tonsils  |  D) Peyer's patches
43. Class of drugs used for AIDS treatment?
    A) Antibiotics  |  B) Anti-retroviral drugs  |  C) Anti-pyretic  |  D) Analgesic
44. What is done in 'Radiotherapy' for cancer treatment?
    A) Use of chemicals  |  B) Destroying tumor cells with X-rays  |  C) Surgery  |  D) Boosting immunity
45. Primary site for lymphocyte production and maturation?
    A) Liver  |  B) Bone marrow  |  C) Spleen  |  D) Kidney
46. What does Anti-venom injection contain against snake venom?
    A) Antigen  |  B) Preformed antibodies  |  C) Antibiotic  |  D) Enzyme
47. Which drug belongs to the 'Cannabinoids' group?
    A) Charas and Ganja  |  B) Morphine  |  C) Cocaine  |  D) Nicotine
48. Main function of Lymph nodes is?
    A) Making RBCs  |  B) Trapping microbes and initiating immune response  |  C) Providing energy  |  D) None
49. Effect of drug abuse during pregnancy on the fetus?
    A) Growth retardation  |  B) Mental abnormality  |  C) Abnormal birth  |  D) All of the above
50. Which enzyme converts HIV RNA to DNA?
    A) Polymerase  |  B) Reverse transcriptase  |  C) Ligase  |  D) Nuclease
51. Heavy and light chains of an antibody are joined by which bond?
    A) Peptide bond  |  B) Disulphide bonds  |  C) Hydrogen bond  |  D) Ionic bond
52. Main cause of Cirrhosis is?
    A) Smoking  |  B) Chronic alcohol consumption  |  C) Bacteria  |  D) Vitamin deficiency
53. Factors causing cancer (like X-rays, UV rays) are called?
    A) Antigen  |  B) Carcinogens  |  C) Pathogen  |  D) Allergen
54. Approximate 'Incubation Period' of AIDS symptoms?
    A) 1 month  |  B) 5 to 10 years  |  C) 20 years  |  D) No fixed period
55. Main difference between active and passive immunity is?
    A) Active: body makes its own antibodies  |  B) Passive: taken from outside  |  C) Both A & B  |  D) No difference
56. Cannabinoids mainly affect which organ system?
    A) Respiratory system  |  B) Cardiovascular system  |  C) Excretory system  |  D) Digestive system
57. Is AIDS only an infectious disease or can it be genetic?
    A) Only infectious  |  B) Genetic  |  C) Both  |  D) None
58. Alpha-interferon is used to treat which disease?
    A) Typhoid  |  B) Cancer  |  C) Malaria  |  D) Pneumonia
59. Chemically, Heroin drug is?
    A) Diacetylmorphine  |  B) Cocaine  |  C) Caffeine  |  D) Nicotine
60. Cancer of White Blood Cells (WBC) in humans is called?
    A) Carcinoma  |  B) Leukemia  |  C) Sarcoma  |  D) Lymphoma