11. Organisms and Populations

*नोट: यह सेक्शन रिवीजन के लिए है। अपना ज्ञान परखने के लिए ऊपर दिए गए क्विज़ में भाग लें।

1. Group of individuals of the same species in a specific area is?
   A) Community  |  B) Population  |  C) Ecosystem  |  D) Biome
2. Number of deaths in a population per unit time is?
   A) Birth rate  |  B) Mortality  |  C) Sex ratio  |  D) Migration
3. Ratio of males to females in a population is?
   A) Age distribution  |  B) Sex Ratio  |  C) Birth rate  |  D) Density
4. Total number of individuals in a unit area is?
   A) Population Density  |  B) Population growth  |  C) Migration  |  D) None
5. New individuals entering a population from outside is?
   A) Emigration  |  B) Immigration  |  C) Birth rate  |  D) Death rate
6. Individuals leaving a population to go outside is?
   A) Immigration  |  B) Emigration  |  C) Birth rate  |  D) None
7. Most important factor for population growth is?
   A) Birth rate only  |  B) Birth and Immigration  |  C) Death and Emigration  |  D) All of the above
8. Interaction where both species benefit?
   A) Parasitism  |  B) Mutualism  |  C) Commensalism  |  D) Competition
9. Interaction where one benefits and other is harmed?
   A) Commensalism  |  B) Parasitism  |  C) Mutualism  |  D) None
10. Relationship between fig flower and wasp is?
    A) Commensalism  |  B) Mutualism  |  C) Parasitism  |  D) Competition
11. One benefits and other is unaffected, that is?
    A) Commensalism  |  B) Parasitism  |  C) Competition  |  D) Mutualism
12. Cuscuta is what type of parasite?
    A) Endoparasite  |  B) Ectoparasite  |  C) Commensal  |  D) Mutualist
13. Population density is denoted by which letter?
    A) B  |  B) D  |  C) N  |  D) r
14. Shape of Exponential growth curve?
    A) S-shape  |  B) J-shape  |  C) Straight line  |  D) None
15. Max number of individuals an environment can support?
    A) Birth rate  |  B) Carrying capacity (K)  |  C) Death rate  |  D) Migration
16. Lichen is a symbiotic relation between?
    A) Fungi and bacteria  |  B) Algae and Fungi  |  C) Algae and virus  |  D) Bacteria and root
17. Orchid growing on a mango branch is example of?
    A) Mutualism  |  B) Commensalism  |  C) Parasitism  |  D) Competition
18. Fight for same type of resources is called?
    A) Mutualism  |  B) Competition  |  C) Commensalism  |  D) Parasitism
19. Attribute that helps species survive in its environment?
    A) Mutation  |  B) Adaptation  |  C) Extinction  |  D) Migration
20. Statistical study of human population is?
    A) Demography  |  B) Ecology  |  C) Biology  |  D) Anthropology
21. Cuckoo laying eggs in crow's nest is called?
    A) Predation  |  B) Brood parasitism  |  C) Mutualism  |  D) Commensalism
22. Method species use to reduce competition?
    A) Extinction  |  B) Resource partitioning  |  C) Migration  |  D) Mutation
23. Assertion (A): Desert plants have thick 'cuticle'. Reason (R): It's an adaptation to reduce transpiration.
    A) Both A and R are true  |  B) A is false  |  C) R is false  |  D) Both false
24. If the base of the Age pyramid is wide, the population is?
    A) Declining  |  B) Expanding  |  C) Stable  |  D) None
25. 20 lotus plants in a pond, 8 new ones grew. Birth rate?
    A) 0.4  |  B) 0.8  |  C) 2.8  |  D) 20
26. Interspecific competition occurs between?
    A) Individuals of same species  |  B) Individuals of different species  |  C) Parasite and host  |  D) None
27. Ecological importance of Predation is?
    A) Keep prey population under control  |  B) Maintain species diversity  |  C) Energy transfer  |  D) All of the above
28. Allen's rule is related to?
    A) Bird color  |  B) Mammals from cold climates having short ears and limbs  |  C) Fish size  |  D) Plant height
29. How does Kangaroo rat meet its water requirement?
    A) Drinking a lot  |  B) Internal fat oxidation  |  C) Sweating  |  D) None
30. Correct pair of signs for Commensalism is?
    A) (+, +)  |  B) (+, 0)  |  C) (+, -)  |  D) (-, -)
31. Cause of Altitude sickness is?
    A) High O2 pressure  |  B) Low atmospheric pressure and O2 lack  |  C) High CO2  |  D) Cold
32. Growth when resources are unlimited?
    A) Logistic  |  B) Exponential  |  C) Stable  |  D) Zero
33. Specialty of Monarch butterfly to avoid predators?
    A) Thorns  |  B) Distasteful (bad taste)  |  C) Fast flight  |  D) Color change
34. Effect of Immigration (I) and Birth (B) on growth (N)?
    A) Positive (+)  |  B) Negative (-)  |  C) None  |  D) Zero
35. Assertion (A): Logistic growth curve is more realistic in nature. Reason (R): Resources are limited in natural habitats.
    A) Both A and R are true, R is correct explanation  |  B) Both A and R are true, R is not correct explanation  |  C) A is true, R is false  |  D) A is false, R is true
36. What happens in 'Amensalism'?
    A) Both benefit  |  B) One harmed, other unaffected  |  C) Both harmed  |  D) One benefits
37. Adaptations found in parasites are?
    A) Loss of unnecessary sense organs  |  B) Presence of adhesive organs  |  C) High reproductive capacity  |  D) All of the above
38. Assertion (A): 'Pseudocopulation' is seen between Orchid and Bee. Reason (R): It's a mutualism example where flower cheats the insect.
    A) Both A and R are true, R is correct explanation  |  B) Both A and R are true, R is not correct explanation  |  C) A is true  |  D) R is true
39. In dN/dt = rN [(K-N)/K], what is 'r'?
    A) Birth rate  |  B) Carrying capacity  |  C) Intrinsic rate of natural increase  |  D) Death rate
40. What does Gause's Competitive Exclusion Principle state?
    A) Two competitors cannot coexist indefinitely  |  B) Both grow together  |  C) Resources are unlimited  |  D) None
41. Shape of Age pyramid for a stable population?
    A) Triangular  |  B) Bell-shaped  |  C) Urn-shaped  |  D) Straight
42. What is a Niche?
    A) Physical space of organism  |  B) Functional space and resource use  |  C) Habitat only  |  D) Breeding site
43. Reason for Abingdon tortoise extinction on Galapagos?
    A) Disease  |  B) Competition with goats  |  C) Hunting  |  D) Flood
44. Mediterranean Orchid 'Ophrys' uses what for pollination?
    A) Nectar  |  B) Sexual deceit  |  C) Food  |  D) Shelter
45. Correct formula for population density at time t+1?
    A) Nt+1 = Nt + [(B+I) - (D+E)]  |  B) Nt+1 = Nt + (B-D)  |  C) Nt+1 = Nt + I - E  |  D) None
46. Life history trait of Agave and Pacific salmon fish?
    A) Breeding many times  |  B) Breeding only once in lifetime  |  C) Large offspring  |  D) None
47. What is used in Tiger Census to measure density?
    A) Direct viewing only  |  B) Pug marks and fecal pellets  |  C) Camera traps  |  D) Both B and C
48. Co-extinction is a result of?
    A) Mutualism  |  B) Competition  |  C) Predation  |  D) Commensalism
49. Adaptation in people living at high altitudes?
    A) Low haemoglobin  |  B) Higher RBCs and breathing rate  |  C) Low breathing rate  |  D) Large heart
50. High Darwinian fitness (high r value) means?
    A) Physical strength  |  B) High reproductive fitness  |  C) High age  |  D) Smartness
51. Ecological 'Vestigial adaptation' means?
    A) No longer useful  |  B) Growing fast  |  C) Newly formed  |  D) None
52. If r is positive, the population:
    A) Increases  |  B) Decreases  |  C) Stays stable  |  D) Is zero
53. Cattles and Egret birds relation is example of?
    A) Mutualism  |  B) Competition  |  C) Parasitism  |  D) Commensalism
54. Insectivorous plants are example of?
    A) Parasite  |  B) Partial consumer/Predator  |  C) Decomposer  |  D) None
55. What does (-, -) represent in population interactions?
    A) Mutualism  |  B) Competition  |  C) Commensalism  |  D) Parasitism
56. Best way to know fish density in a pond?
    A) Counting each fish  |  B) Fish caught per trap  |  C) Emptying pond  |  D) None
57. What does a 'J' shaped curve show for humans?
    A) Stability  |  B) Population explosion and crash  |  C) Balance  |  D) None
58. A parasite that kills its host is called?
    A) Parasitoid  |  B) Endoparasite  |  C) Ectoparasite  |  D) Commensal
59. Relationship between sea anemone and clown fish?
    A) Parasitism  |  B) Mutualism  |  C) Commensalism  |  D) Competition
60. Reaching Carrying capacity in a population shows?
    A) Resources unlimited  |  B) Growth rate is zero (N=K)  |  C) Death rate zero  |  D) None