10. Biotechnology and its Applications

*नोट: यह सेक्शन रिवीजन के लिए है। अपना ज्ञान परखने के लिए ऊपर दिए गए क्विज़ में भाग लें।

1. In Bt-cotton, what does 'Bt' stand for?
   A) Biotechnology  |  B) Bacillus thuringiensis (Bacteria)  |  C) Brain tumor  |  D) Botanical test
2. What is the name of the first genetically engineered insulin?
   A) Humulin  |  B) Insulin-A  |  C) C-peptide  |  D) Glucagon
3. Name of the first transgenic cow?
   A) Dolly  |  B) Rosie  |  C) Pinky  |  D) Molly
4. Golden Rice is rich in which vitamin?
   A) Vitamin C  |  B) Vitamin A (Beta-carotene)  |  C) Vitamin D  |  D) Vitamin B12
5. Gene therapy was first used in 1990 for which disease?
   A) AIDS  |  B) ADA deficiency  |  C) Cancer  |  D) TB
6. What type of protein is Bt toxin?
   A) Lipid  |  B) Crystalline protein (Cry protein)  |  C) Carbohydrate  |  D) Vitamin
7. RNA interference (RNAi) is used to protect plants against?
   A) Viruses  |  B) Nematodes  |  C) Fungi  |  D) Bacteria
8. Which insulin chain is not found in mature insulin?
   A) Chain-A  |  B) Chain-B  |  C) C-peptide  |  D) All are found
9. Eli Lilly, which first produced Humulin, is from which country?
   A) India  |  B) USA  |  C) UK  |  D) Germany
10. Which transgenic animals make up the largest percentage (95%)?
    A) Cows  |  B) Mice  |  C) Sheep  |  D) Pigs
11. PCR can be used for early diagnosis of?
    A) AIDS (HIV)  |  B) Cancer  |  C) Both A and B  |  D) Only common cold
12. What is the basis of ELISA?
    A) DNA testing  |  B) Antigen-Antibody interaction  |  C) Protein synthesis  |  D) None
13. Bt toxin destroys which part of the insect gut?
    A) Mouth  |  B) Midgut epithelial cells  |  C) Tail  |  D) Brain
14. What is the color of Vitamin A-rich 'Golden Rice'?
    A) White  |  B) Yellow/Golden  |  C) Red  |  D) Green
15. Which organization of the Indian Govt. monitors the safety of GM research?
    A) ICMR  |  B) GEAC  |  C) CSIR  |  D) WHO
16. Which human protein was found in the milk of Rosie cow?
    A) Insulin  |  B) Human alpha-lactalbumin  |  C) Haemoglobin  |  D) Casein
17. How many varieties of Basmati rice are grown in India?
    A) 7  |  B) 27  |  C) 100  |  D) 50
18. Exploitation of biological resources of a country without authorization is?
    A) Biopiracy  |  B) Biomining  |  C) Biowar  |  D) None
19. CryIAb gene controls which pest?
    A) Cotton bollworms  |  B) Corn borer  |  C) Mosquito  |  D) Fly
20. A and B chains in mature human insulin are joined by?
    A) Peptide bonds  |  B) Disulphide bonds  |  C) Hydrogen bonds  |  D) None
21. Assertion (A): Pesticide spraying is reduced on Bt-cotton plants. Reason (R): These plants produce Bt-toxin that kills specific pests.
    A) Both A and R are true, R is correct explanation  |  B) Both A and R are true, R is not correct explanation  |  C) A is true, R is false  |  D) A is false, R is true
22. What is used for Gene Silencing in RNAi?
    A) ssDNA  |  B) Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)  |  C) ssRNA  |  D) None
23. What must be removed from Pro-insulin to make mature insulin?
    A) A-peptide  |  B) C-peptide  |  C) B-peptide  |  D) Sulfur
24. Treatment for ADA deficiency is?
    A) Bone marrow transplantation  |  B) Enzyme replacement therapy  |  C) Gene therapy  |  D) All of the above
25. Why is molecular diagnosis better than traditional methods?
    A) It is cheaper  |  B) Detects disease before symptoms appear  |  C) It is easier  |  D) None
26. Assertion (A): Transgenic animals are used for vaccine safety testing. Reason (R): These animals can be made more sensitive to toxic substances.
    A) Both A and R are true, R is correct explanation  |  B) Both A and R are true, R is not correct explanation  |  C) A is true  |  D) R is true
27. Why does Bt-toxin remain inactive in insects?
    A) Insect gut is acidic  |  B) Active only at high temp  |  C) Exists as inactive pro-toxin  |  D) None
28. Commonly used vector in gene therapy is?
    A) Retrovirus  |  B) E. coli  |  C) Plasmid  |  D) Mosquito
29. How were chains A and B joined in Humulin production?
    A) Inside bacteria  |  B) By forming disulphide bonds in vitro  |  C) Naturally  |  D) None
30. Which bill has India passed to protect against Biopiracy?
    A) Environment Act  |  B) Indian Patents Bill (2nd Amendment)  |  C) RTI Act  |  D) None
31. Alpha-1 antitrypsin is used to treat which disease?
    A) Cancer  |  B) Emphysema  |  C) AIDS  |  D) Diabetes
32. Used to introduce Bt-toxin genes into plants?
    A) pBR322  |  B) Ti-plasmid (Agrobacterium)  |  C) PCR  |  D) Gene gun
33. cryIAc and cryIIAb control which pests?
    A) Cotton bollworms  |  B) Corn borer  |  C) Nematodes  |  D) Flies
34. RNAi is a method of cellular defense in all ________ organisms.
    A) Prokaryotic  |  B) Eukaryotic  |  C) Viruses  |  D) None
35. Diagnosis method using a radioactive probe?
    A) ELISA  |  B) Autoradiography  |  C) PCR  |  D) Urine analysis
36. Permanent cure through gene therapy is possible when?
    A) Adult stage  |  B) Early embryonic stage  |  C) Old age  |  D) Never
37. Main goal of animal cloning?
    A) Increase numbers only  |  B) Getting animals with superior traits  |  C) Entertainment  |  D) None
38. Can GM crops have bad effects on the environment?
    A) Yes, it's an ethical and safety concern  |  B) No  |  C) Don't know  |  D) No effect
39. Assertion (A): Basmati patent was taken by a US company. Reason (R): They crossed Indian basmati with a semi-dwarf variety.
    A) Both A and R are true  |  B) Only A is true  |  C) Only R is true  |  D) Both false
40. What is Enzyme replacement therapy?
    A) Changing genes  |  B) Injecting functional enzymes into the patient  |  C) Changing food  |  D) None
41. How many amino acids are in chains A and B of insulin respectively?
    A) 21 and 30  |  B) 30 and 21  |  C) 20 and 20  |  D) 51 and 0
42. What happens to Bt-toxin in the alkaline pH of insect gut?
    A) Destroyed  |  B) Solubilized and converted to active form  |  C) Remains insoluble  |  D) Forms crystals
43. Which protein is part of the 'Slicer' enzyme complex in RNAi?
    A) Polymerase  |  B) Argonaute  |  C) Ligase  |  D) Kinase
44. ADA enzyme is essential for which body system?
    A) Digestive system  |  B) Immune system  |  C) Respiratory system  |  D) Excretory system
45. Transgenic mice were first developed for testing which vaccine?
    A) Polio vaccine  |  B) Corona vaccine  |  C) Diabetes drug  |  D) Cancer drug
46. Complementary DNA or RNA segment used to identify a gene is?
    A) Vector  |  B) Probe  |  C) Primer  |  D) Clone
47. Major benefit of GM plants production?
    A) Tolerance to abiotic stresses (drought, cold)  |  B) Reduced post-harvest losses  |  C) Increased efficiency of mineral usage  |  D) All of the above
48. Total amino acids in mature insulin are?
    A) 21  |  B) 30  |  C) 51  |  D) 84
49. Flavr Savr tomato was made using which technology?
    A) Antisense technology  |  B) PCR  |  C) Gene gun  |  D) None
50. A protein-coding gene expressed in a heterologous host is a?
    A) Pure protein  |  B) Recombinant protein  |  C) Natural protein  |  D) None
51. Branch analyzing ethical issues?
    A) Bioethics  |  B) Biology  |  C) Biochemistry  |  D) Biopiracy
52. Function of Antisense RNA?
    A) Increases transcription  |  B) Binds to mRNA and prevents translation  |  C) Destroys DNA  |  D) None
53. Bt-toxin is coded by which gene group?
    A) Lac genes  |  B) Cry genes  |  C) Ori genes  |  D) Amp genes
54. Restriction enzymes are first used in which biotechnology application?
    A) Gene transfer  |  B) DNA fingerprinting  |  C) Recombinant DNA construction  |  D) All of the above
55. Which cell is used for ADA gene therapy?
    A) RBC  |  B) Lymphocytes  |  C) Nerve cell  |  D) Skin cell
56. Bond created artificially by Eli Lilly to join insulin chains?
    A) Disulphide bond  |  B) Peptide bond  |  C) Glycosidic bond  |  D) Hydrogen bond
57. Can transgenic animals be used to test chemical toxicity?
    A) Yes  |  B) No  |  C) Only on plants  |  D) Only on insects
58. Biopatents are granted to?
    A) Discoverers  |  B) Inventions of biological entities or processes  |  C) Both  |  D) No one
59. Bt toxin creates what in the insect gut epithelium to kill it?
    A) Skin  |  B) Pores  |  C) Wings  |  D) Legs
60. Insulin deficiency causes which disease?
    A) Diabetes Mellitus  |  B) Arthritis  |  C) Cancer  |  D) Thyroid