9. Agrochemicals and environmental pollution

*नोट: यह सेक्शन रिवीजन के लिए है। अपना ज्ञान परखने के लिए ऊपर दिए गए क्विज़ में भाग लें।

1. Agrochemicals are primarily a mixture of products from which two categories?
   A) Manure and Seed  |  B) Pesticides and Chemical Fertilizers  |  C) Soil and Water  |  D) Tractor and Tools
2. In which years did the Green Revolution arrive in India?
   A) 1947-50  |  B) 1965-67  |  C) 1990-92  |  D) 2000-05
3. What is the primary function of Pesticides?
   A) Increase crop production  |  B) Provide crop protection  |  C) Make soil fertile  |  D) Dry seeds
4. Which color code is on the labels of highly toxic pesticides?
   A) Blue  |  B) Yellow  |  C) Red  |  D) Green
5. What is the percentage of Oxygen (O2) in a balanced atmosphere?
   A) 78%  |  B) 21%  |  C) 0.03%  |  D) 16%
6. Which color triangle is used for low toxicity pesticides?
   A) Red  |  B) Blue  |  C) Green  |  D) Yellow
7. Nitrate content above how many mg/L in drinking water is harmful?
   A) 5 mg/L  |  B) 10 mg/L  |  C) 45 mg/L  |  D) 100 mg/L
8. What does the 'Waiting Period' refer to?
   A) Time to sow seed  |  B) Time to apply fertilizer  |  C) Time between pesticide application and harvest  |  D) Time for irrigation
9. Which chemical is used as a Soil Amendment?
   A) Urea  |  B) Gypsum  |  C) DDT  |  D) None of these
10. The over-use of pesticides adversely affects:
    A) Soil health  |  B) Water resources  |  C) Humans and wildlife  |  D) All of the above
11. What is the main cause of environmental pollution?
    A) Natural causes  |  B) Human-induced causes  |  C) Both A and B  |  D) None
12. What is the approximate amount of Nitrogen (N2) in the atmosphere?
    A) 21%  |  B) 78%  |  C) 0.03%  |  D) 0.9%
13. Which of the following is an example of a Pesticide?
    A) Urea  |  B) Monocrotophos  |  C) Gypsum  |  D) Potash
14. Which heavy elements reach the soil with phosphorus fertilizers?
    A) Cadmium and Lead  |  B) Calcium  |  C) Magnesium  |  D) Sodium
15. Excessive growth of algae in water bodies due to nutrient enrichment is:
    A) Leaching  |  B) Eutrophication  |  C) Evaporation  |  D) Mineralization
16. The movement of soil nitrate down into lower layers with water is:
    A) Evaporation  |  B) Leaching  |  C) Adsorption  |  D) Weathering
17. Up to how many decibels (dB) is sound tolerable for a healthy person?
    A) 80-90 dB  |  B) 150 dB  |  C) 200 dB  |  D) 500 dB
18. What is the meaning of Pollution?
    A) Cleaning  |  B) Undesirable change in natural resources  |  C) Planting trees  |  D) Farming
19. Which disease occurs in infants from drinking nitrate-rich water?
    A) Cancer  |  B) Blue Baby Syndrome  |  C) AIDS  |  D) Malaria
20. The role of agrochemicals as growth regulators is to:
    A) Kill plants  |  B) Regulate plant growth  |  C) Repel insects  |  D) Increase salt
21. What is the effect of excessive fertilizer use on the 'Physical Properties' of soil?
    A) Improvement in soil structure  |  B) Reduced water holding capacity and soil compaction  |  C) Soil becomes soft  |  D) No effect
22. With which color symbol is the word 'Danger' written on pesticide labels?
    A) Blue  |  B) Yellow  |  C) Red  |  D) Green
23. The runoff of phosphorus fertilizers into water bodies leads to:
    A) Fish growth  |  B) Eutrophication  |  C) Water becoming sweet  |  D) None
24. Pesticide residues entering the food chain eventually affect:
    A) Only grass  |  B) Only soil  |  C) Highest consumer (Humans)  |  D) No one
25. Which agricultural activity is responsible for air pollution?
    A) Ammonia volatilization from fertilizers  |  B) Methane emission from rice fields  |  C) Burning crop residues  |  D) All of the above
26. What is the main source of 'heavy metal' accumulation in soil?
    A) Pure water  |  B) Impure manure and chemical fertilizers  |  C) Air  |  D) Soil erosion
27. Which problem arises from excess fluoride in drinking water?
    A) Jaundice  |  B) Fluorosis (teeth and bone disease)  |  C) Fever  |  D) Cough
28. Why should a 'Soil Health Card' be used to prevent agrochemical pollution?
    A) For higher yield  |  B) To ensure balanced fertilizer use  |  C) For show  |  D) None
29. What is the typical waiting period after spraying Monocrotophos?
    A) 1 day  |  B) 15-20 days  |  C) 60 days  |  D) None
30. To reduce fertilizer side effects, which manure use should be increased?
    A) Only urea  |  B) Organic manure and green manure  |  C) Salt  |  D) None
31. How does water pollution in rivers affect aquatic life?
    A) Their number increases  |  B) Death due to oxygen depletion  |  C) They become sweet  |  D) No effect
32. What is the importance of the 'color triangle' for safe pesticide use?
    A) Aesthetic  |  B) Identifying toxicity category  |  C) Telling price  |  D) Telling weight
33. The major cause of Soil Pollution is:
    A) Continuous monocropping  |  B) Uncontrolled use of agrochemicals  |  C) Irrigation  |  D) Overgrazing
34. Which precaution should be taken during the use of pesticides?
    A) Do not spray against wind  |  B) Wear protective clothing  |  C) Destroy empty containers  |  D) All of the above
35. What is the main source of Nitrate Pollution?
    A) Potash fertilizer  |  B) Nitrogen fertilizers (like urea)  |  C) Phosphorus  |  D) Gypsum
36. Ammonia (NH3) volatilization primarily occurs from which fertilizer?
    A) DAP  |  B) Urea  |  C) MOP  |  D) SSP
37. Why do pesticides persist in soil for a long time?
    A) Rapid decomposition  |  B) Slow bio-degradation  |  C) Water solubility  |  D) None
38. Noise pollution in agriculture is caused by:
    A) Harvesting  |  B) Tractors, threshers, and other machinery  |  C) Growing plants  |  D) Hoes
39. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) for pollution control means:
    A) Using only chemicals  |  B) Balanced use of chemical, biological, and physical methods  |  C) Killing insects by hand only  |  D) Quitting farming
40. What happens when the number of microorganisms in soil decreases?
    A) Soil fertility increases  |  B) Decomposition of organic matter slows down  |  C) Salt decreases  |  D) No effect
41. What does an increase in 'BOD' in water bodies indicate?
    A) Water is pure  |  B) Water is highly polluted  |  C) Water has excess oxygen  |  D) Fish are happy
42. Accumulation of pesticide residues in fatty tissues of the body is called:
    A) Bio-leaching  |  B) Bio-accumulation  |  C) Evaporation  |  D) Mineralization
43. Why does nitrate-rich water cause 'Methemoglobinemia'?
    A) Reduces oxygen-carrying capacity of blood  |  B) Increases thirst  |  C) Causes sleepiness  |  D) None
44. Excessive urea use can increase the emission of which 'Greenhouse gas'?
    A) Nitrous Oxide (N2O)  |  B) Oxygen  |  C) Helium  |  D) Argon
45. What does the 'Yellow' color on pesticide containers indicate?
    A) Extremely toxic  |  B) Highly Toxic  |  C) Poisonous  |  D) Caution
46. Why is the persistence of Arsenic (As) and Cadmium (Cd) in soil harmful?
    A) They can cause diseases like cancer via plants  |  B) They turn soil white  |  C) They sweeten water  |  D) None
47. On what does the pesticide Waiting Period depend?
    A) Nature of chemical  |  B) Crop variety  |  C) Climate  |  D) All of the above
48. What is the harm of 'Fluorine' in phosphorus fertilizers?
    A) Better crop  |  B) Increased risk of fluorosis in livestock  |  C) Black soil  |  D) None
49. Which serious disease can occur from using Mercury-containing agrochemicals?
    A) Minamata  |  B) Malaria  |  C) Jaundice  |  D) Cough
50. Where should empty pesticide containers be disposed of?
    A) In the river  |  B) Buried in a deep pit in the soil  |  C) In the corner of the field  |  D) Keep at home
51. Example of 'Biological Control' for soil pollution prevention is:
    A) Applying urea  |  B) Using Trichoderma or predatory insects  |  C) Spraying DDT  |  D) Burning
52. Which is the major agricultural greenhouse gas?
    A) Methane (CH4)  |  B) Nitrous Oxide (N2O)  |  C) Both A and B  |  D) Only Nitrogen
53. Major factor creating pH imbalance in soil:
    A) Organic manure  |  B) Uncontrolled chemical fertilizer use  |  C) Pure water  |  D) Crop rotation
54. Why use a mask during pesticide spraying?
    A) Dust protection  |  B) Preventing entry of chemical into respiratory system  |  C) For show  |  D) None
55. Excessive fertilizer use leads to accumulation of what in 'Groundwater'?
    A) Vitamins  |  B) Nitrate and Salts  |  C) Sugar  |  D) Protein
56. What is the 'LD50' range (mg/kg) for Highly Toxic pesticides (Red symbol)?
    A) 1-50  |  B) 501-5000  |  C) > 5000  |  D) Zero
57. What is affected when plant stomata close due to pollution?
    A) Photosynthesis  |  B) Respiration  |  C) Transpiration  |  D) All of the above
58. The main reason for micronutrient imbalance in soil is:
    A) Use of only cow dung  |  B) Continuous intensive farming and use of only NPK  |  C) Leaving field fallow  |  D) No irrigation
59. Who suggested Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF) to reduce agrochemical ill-effects?
    A) Swaminathan  |  B) Subhash Palekar  |  C) Norman Borlaug  |  D) Liebig
60. Agricultural gas that harms the Ozone Layer is:
    A) Oxygen  |  B) Nitrous Oxide  |  C) Carbon Dioxide  |  D) Methane