8. Reaction of fertilizers in soil & effect on crops
рдЗрд╕ рдкреЗрдЬ рдкрд░ рдЖрдкрдХреЛ 8. Reaction of fertilizers in soil & effect on crops рдХреЗ рд╕рднреА рдорд╣рддреНрд╡рдкреВрд░реНрдг рдмрд╣реБрд╡рд┐рдХрд▓реНрдкреАрдп рдкреНрд░рд╢реНрди (MCQ), рдкрд░реАрдХреНрд╖рд╛ рдЙрдкрдпреЛрдЧреА рдиреЛрдЯреНрд╕ рдФрд░ рдСрдирд▓рд╛рдЗрди рдХреНрд╡рд┐рдЬрд╝ рдорд┐рд▓реЗрдВрдЧреЗред рдЕрдкрдиреЗ рдЬреНрдЮрд╛рди рдХрд╛ рдкрд░реАрдХреНрд╖рдг рдХрд░рдиреЗ рдФрд░ рдмреЛрд░реНрдб/рдкреНрд░рддрд┐рдпреЛрдЧреА рдкрд░реАрдХреНрд╖рд╛ рдореЗрдВ рд╢рдд-рдкреНрд░рддрд┐рд╢рдд рдЕрдВрдХ рдкреНрд░рд╛рдкреНрдд рдХрд░рдиреЗ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдиреАрдЪреЗ рджрд┐рдП рдЧрдП рдореЙрдХ рдЯреЗрд╕реНрдЯ рдореЗрдВ рдЕрд╡рд╢реНрдп рднрд╛рдЧ рд▓реЗрдВред
ЁЯСЙ рдЕрдзреНрдпрд╛рдп рдХрд╛ рд╕рд╛рд░рд╛рдВрд╢ (Summary)
Dear students, a very warm, enthusiastic, and scientifically curious welcome to this highly practical, profoundly useful, and strictly application-based chapter of Agriculture Chemistry titled 'Reaction of fertilizers in soil and effect on crops'. In our previously discussed extensive chapter, we had thoroughly understood exactly which specific chemical nutrients are absolutely essential for the optimal vegetative development and high-yielding growth of various agricultural plants. Now, the biggest and most critical question that naturally arises before us is: if the soil in our agricultural field experiences a massive deficiency or complete depletion of these highly vital chemical elements due to continuous farming, how exactly can we replenish them externally to save our crops? The most direct, rapid, and modern scientific answer to this grave agricultural problem is the systematic application of 'Chemical Fertilizers'. In this comprehensive and extensively detailed chapter, we will conduct a very deep, analytical, and scientific study regarding the various distinct types of synthetic chemical fertilizers and the direct, immediate chemical reactions they undergo once they are mixed into the moist agricultural soil.
Let us try to grasp this highly complex biochemical mechanism by using a very simple, everyday real-life example. Whenever our human body suffers from a severe deficiency of a specific vital vitamin or a critical drop in blood iron levels, medical doctors immediately advise us to consume concentrated vitamin tablets or liquid health supplements. When we regularly consume those prescribed medical supplements, rapid chemical reactions take place inside our digestive system, and our physical weakness is quickly eradicated, restoring our full energy. In the exact same logical and scientific manner, chemical fertilizers act precisely like concentrated medical supplements or powerful medicines for our weak, nutrient-starved agricultural crops. When a hardworking farmer systematically broadcasts synthetic fertilizers like Urea, Diammonium Phosphate (DAP), or Single Super Phosphate (SSP) into his agricultural field, these potent chemicals immediately dissolve in the available soil moisture. They subsequently undergo numerous complex chemical reactions and rapidly release readily available food directly to the hungry, growing plant roots.
However, the absolute most important and deeply thought-provoking aspect of this chapter is thoroughly understanding the terrifying adverse side effects that the continuous, excessive, and blind usage of these highly concentrated fertilizers is having on our naturally fertile agricultural soils. Just as consuming an excessive amount of strong allopathic medicines over a long period severely damages our sensitive human liver and kidneys, similarly, the relentless over-application of synthetic chemical fertilizers is slowly but surely making our highly fertile, living soil completely sick, toxic, and ultimately barren. For a prominent instance, the continuous and unchecked application of nitrogenous fertilizers like Urea and Ammonium Sulphate over several years makes the agricultural soil dangerously highly acidic and totally unfit for future cultivation. In this detailed chapter, we will read very extensively about the broad scientific classification of fertilizers, their exact chemical compositions, and the highly crucial concept of their equivalent acidity or equivalent alkalinity.
From the strict and focused perspective of the upcoming NCERT and RBSE board exams in 2027, this entire comprehensive chapter forms a tremendously scoring and highly critical section of your chemistry syllabus. Every single year in the main final board examinations, a massive plethora of highly important objective questions are compulsorily asked regarding the exact chemical composition of Urea, Calcium Ammonium Nitrate (CAN), and Muriate of Potash (MOP), alongside their specific complex biochemical reactions within the soil matrix. Furthermore, if you truly desire to secure a spectacular, top-tier rank in India's leading agricultural competitive entrance exams like the JET exam and ICAR, you absolutely must understand the complex chemical formulas of these fertilizers and their subsequent soil reactions with microscopic detail. In these highly prestigious competitive exams, direct VVI questions are frequently asked concerning the severe environmental side effects of fertilizers and the precise scientific methods for their safe, calculated application. To perfectly fulfill this exact academic requirement of yours and to make your preparation 100% flawless, we have meticulously prepared a truly magnificent and extraordinarily high-level online test right here on our educational portal. Continuously practicing these highly selected VVI multiple-choice questions (MCQs) will make all your core concepts absolutely crystal clear.
Feature: This is a unique 3-Level based quiz. To unlock the next levels (Level 2 and 3), students must score at least 70% marks in the current level, which makes their board exam preparation 100% stronger.
рдорд╣рддреНрд╡рдкреВрд░реНрдг рдкреНрд░рд╢реНрди (Important Questions)
PDF рдбрд╛рдЙрдирд▓реЛрдб рдХрд░реЗрдВрдЕрдзреНрдпрд╛рдп рдХреЗ рд╕рднреА рдкреНрд░рд╢реНрди (Revision Notes)
*рдиреЛрдЯ: рдпрд╣ рд╕реЗрдХреНрд╢рди рд░рд┐рд╡реАрдЬрди рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рд╣реИред рдЕрдкрдирд╛ рдЬреНрдЮрд╛рди рдкрд░рдЦрдиреЗ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдКрдкрд░ рджрд┐рдП рдЧрдП рдХреНрд╡рд┐рдЬрд╝ рдореЗрдВ рднрд╛рдЧ рд▓реЗрдВред
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Which fertilizer is an 'Amide' containing organic fertilizer?
A) Ammonium sulfate | B) Urea | C) Calcium ammonium nitrate | D) DAP -
Which fertilizer is known as 'Kisan Khad'?
A) Urea | B) Calcium Ammonium Nitrate (CAN) | C) Ammonium nitrate | D) Potassium chloride -
Which is the best nitrogenous fertilizer for Foliar Spray?
A) Ammonium sulfate | B) Urea | C) DAP | D) Sodium nitrate -
Which is considered the best nitrogenous fertilizer for the Rice Crop?
A) CAN | B) Ammonium sulfate | C) Sodium nitrate | D) Potassium nitrate -
Which is the best potassic fertilizer for the Potato crop?
A) Muriate of Potash | B) Sulphate of Potash (SOP) | C) Potassium nitrate | D) Potassium carbonate -
What is the full form of DAP?
A) Di-ammonium phosphorus | B) Di-Ammonium Phosphate | C) Dual ammonium phosphate | D) Dense ammonium phosphate -
Which of the following is an example of a 'Compound Fertilizer'?
A) Urea | B) Ammonium sulfate | C) DAP | D) Muriate of Potash -
What is the percentage of Nitrogen (N) in Urea?
A) 21% | B) 26% | C) 46% | D) 18% -
What is the percentage of Potash (K2O) in Muriate of Potash (KCl)?
A) 50% | B) 60% | C) 25% | D) 46% -
What is the amount of nitrogen in Ammonium Sulfate fertilizer?
A) 20.6% | B) 25.0% | C) 46.0% | D) 18.0% -
What is the percentage of Nitrogen and Phosphorus (P2O5) in DAP respectively?
A) 18% N & 46% P2O5 | B) 46% N & 18% P2O5 | C) 18% N & 18% P2O5 | D) 25% N & 50% P2O5 -
What is the nitrogen percentage in Calcium Ammonium Nitrate (CAN)?
A) 21% | B) 25% | C) 46% | D) 18% -
Which of the following is an example of a 'Straight Fertilizer'?
A) Urea | B) DAP | C) 20:20:10 | D) Mixed fertilizer -
What type of substances are fertilizers primarily?
A) Organic | B) Inorganic chemical substances | C) Natural manure | D) None -
What is the chemical formula for Urea fertilizer?
A) NH4Cl | B) NH2CONH2 | C) (NH4)2SO4 | D) KNO3 -
Which fertilizer has the most 'Acidic effect' on soil?
A) Urea | B) Ammonium sulfate | C) DAP | D) CAN -
How much Lime (CaCO3) is needed to neutralize the acidity produced by 100 kg of Urea?
A) 100 | B) 80 | C) 50 | D) 40 -
What is the percentage of Sulphur in Ammonium Sulfate?
A) 14% | B) 24% | C) 50% | D) 10% -
Continuous use of sodium-containing fertilizers has what effect on soil?
A) Acidic | B) Neutral | C) Alkaline | D) None -
Which nitrogenous fertilizers should not be used in waterlogged fields?
A) Ammonium sulfate | B) Urea | C) Nitrate fertilizers | D) None -
What is the maximum permissible limit of 'Biuret' in Urea?
A) 1.5% | B) 0.5% | C) 5.0% | D) 10% -
Hydrolysis of Urea in soil occurs in the presence of which enzyme?
A) Maltase | B) Urease | C) Invertase | D) Pepsin -
What effect does Calcium Ammonium Nitrate (CAN) have on soil?
A) Acidic | B) Alkaline | C) Neutral | D) Highly acidic -
Which acid is formed when Ammonium Sulfate reacts in soil, increasing acidity?
A) Carbonic acid | B) Sulphuric acid (H2SO4) | C) Nitric acid | D) Hydrochloric acid -
What is the potash content in Sulphate of Potash (SOP)?
A) 60% | B) 48-52% | C) 25% | D) 18% -
Besides Potash, which element is found in Sulphate of Potash?
A) Nitrogen | B) Sulphur (17.5%) | C) Phosphorus | D) Calcium -
What is the final product of Urea in soil that plants absorb?
A) Ammonia | B) Nitrate (NO3-) | C) Nitrite | D) Carbonate -
What is the nature of DAP fertilizer in soil?
A) Permanently acidic | B) Initially alkaline and finally acidic | C) Completely neutral | D) None -
Muriate of Potash should not be used in which crops (e.g., tobacco, potato)?
A) Cereals | B) Chlorine-sensitive crops | C) Fodder | D) Vegetables -
A fertilizer is classified as a 'Straight Fertilizer' when it contains:
A) Two elements | B) Only one primary nutrient | C) Three elements | D) No nutrient -
In what form is 'Calcium' lost when Ammonium Sulfate is used continuously in soil?
A) Calcium carbonate | B) Calcium sulfate (via leaching) | C) Calcium nitrate | D) Calcium oxide -
The unstable 'Ammonium Carbonate' formed during Urea decomposition changes into:
A) Ammonia and CO2 | B) Nitrate | C) Nitrite | D) Urea -
In which ionic form does DAP provide phosphorus in soil being water-soluble?
A) PO4 3- | B) HPO4 2- & H2PO4 - | C) P2O5 | D) PH3 -
In which two forms is Nitrogen found in Calcium Ammonium Nitrate (CAN)?
A) Only amide | B) Only nitrate | C) Ammonium & Nitrate (12.5% each) | D) Only ammonium -
Which ion does Muriate of Potash (KCl) displace on soil colloids?
A) Sodium | B) Calcium & Magnesium | C) Aluminum | D) Nitrogen -
How much lime is needed to neutralize the acidity of 100 kg of Ammonium Sulfate?
A) 80 | B) 110 | C) 128 | D) 50 -
Why is the leaching of Nitrate fertilizers high?
A) Because they are heavy | B) Negatively charged colloids cannot adsorb Nitrate (anion) | C) Because they are cheap | D) None -
Which fertilizer is suitable for all soil types due to its 'Neutral' nature?
A) Urea | B) DAP | C) CAN | D) Ammonium sulfate -
When is 'Biuret' formed in Urea?
A) Upon cooling | B) During granulation at high temp (>150┬░C) | C) Upon adding water | D) Upon air contact -
Sulphate of Potash (SOP) is manufactured by reacting Muriate of Potash with:
A) Urea | B) Sulphuric acid (H2SO4) | C) Nitric acid | D) Lime -
Availability of phosphorus in DAP is highest at which soil pH?
A) 4.0 | B) 6.5 to 7.5 | C) 9.0 | D) 1.0 -
What is the Acid equivalent of Ammonium Sulfate?
A) 80 | B) 110 | C) 128 | D) 60 -
What is the effect of Muriate of Potash on crops?
A) Increases sugar translocation | B) Increases drought & frost resistance | C) Increases disease resistance | D) All of the above -
Which fertilizer has the lowest hygroscopic tendency and is easy to store?
A) Ammonium nitrate | B) Calcium Ammonium Nitrate | C) Urea | D) None -
What happens to the pH value during the nitrification of Urea in soil?
A) Increases | B) Decreases slightly (acidic effect) | C) Stays stable | D) Zeroes out
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