10. Bio Chemistry

*नोट: यह सेक्शन रिवीजन के लिए है। अपना ज्ञान परखने के लिए ऊपर दिए गए क्विज़ में भाग लें।

1. The branch of science that studies biological processes in living beings is:
   A) Physics  |  B) Biochemistry  |  C) Geology  |  D) Botany
2. Who first used the term 'Biochemistry' in 1903?
   A) Karl Neuberg  |  B) Mendel  |  C) Watson  |  D) Liebig
3. What is the general formula for Carbohydrates?
   A) C(H2O)x  |  B) C6H12O6  |  C) COOH  |  D) NH2-CH-COOH
4. Which of the following is a 'Monosaccharide' sugar?
   A) Sucrose  |  B) Starch  |  C) Glucose  |  D) Maltose
5. Cane Sugar is chemically known as:
   A) Lactose  |  B) Sucrose  |  C) Fructose  |  D) Cellulose
6. What is the building block of protein?
   A) Fatty acid  |  B) Glycerol  |  C) Amino acids  |  D) Glucose
7. Which sugar is found in milk?
   A) Maltose  |  B) Fructose  |  C) Lactose  |  D) Sucrose
8. Which is the primary enzyme found in Saliva?
   A) Pepsin  |  B) Trypsin  |  C) Ptyalin  |  D) Lipase
9. Deficiency of which vitamin causes 'Night Blindness'?
   A) Vitamin B  |  B) Vitamin C  |  C) Vitamin A  |  D) Vitamin D
10. What is the chemical name of Vitamin C?
    A) Retinol  |  B) Ascorbic acid  |  C) Thiamine  |  D) Calciferol
11. Which sugar is found in DNA?
    A) Ribose  |  B) Deoxyribose  |  C) Glucose  |  D) Fructose
12. Who acts as Biological Catalysts in living organisms?
    A) Vitamins  |  B) Enzymes  |  C) Carbohydrates  |  D) Salt
13. Which is an example of a Polysaccharide?
    A) Glucose  |  B) Sucrose  |  C) Starch  |  D) Fructose
14. White color of milk is due to which protein?
    A) Albumin  |  B) Casein  |  C) Globulin  |  D) Haemoglobin
15. How are fats (Fats) in water?
    A) Insoluble  |  B) Soluble  |  C) Semi-soluble  |  D) None
16. What is obtained from the hydrolysis of Sucrose?
    A) Glucose + Glucose  |  B) Glucose + Fructose  |  C) Glucose + Galactose  |  D) Only fructose
17. Which two functional groups are mandatory in Amino Acids?
    A) -OH and -CHO  |  B) -NH2 and -COOH  |  C) -CH3 and -Cl  |  D) -C=O and -OH
18. Major factors affecting enzyme activity are:
    A) Temperature  |  B) pH  |  C) Concentration  |  D) All of the above
19. Which vitamin is necessary for blood clotting?
    A) Vitamin A  |  B) Vitamin C  |  C) Vitamin K  |  D) Vitamin E
20. Example of Natural Preservatives is:
    A) Sodium benzoate  |  B) Sugar and Salt  |  C) Sulfur dioxide  |  D) Parabens
21. Who gave the Double Helix structure of DNA?
    A) Watson & Crick  |  B) Mendel  |  C) Arnon  |  D) Liebig
22. Amino acids not synthesized in the body and required from food are:
    A) Non-essential amino acids  |  B) Essential Amino Acids  |  C) Neutral acids  |  D) None
23. Why is Pasteurization of milk done?
    A) Increase fat  |  B) Destroy harmful microbes  |  C) Change color  |  D) Improve taste
24. Fats and Oils are primarily esters of:
    A) Amino acids  |  B) Glycerol and fatty acids  |  C) Glucose  |  D) Vitamins
25. Which vitamin is called the 'Sunshine Vitamin'?
    A) Vitamin A  |  B) Vitamin B  |  C) Vitamin D  |  D) Vitamin K
26. Main purpose of adding Food Colors is:
    A) Boost nutrition  |  B) Improve appearance  |  C) Spoil  |  D) Increase weight
27. Who first stated that enzymes are proteinaceous?
    A) Sumner  |  B) Pasteur  |  C) Mullis  |  D) Cook
28. Which nitrogenous base replaces Thymine in RNA?
    A) Adenine  |  B) Guanine  |  C) Uracil  |  D) Cytosine
29. In which part of the body does Pepsin digest protein?
    A) Mouth  |  B) Stomach  |  C) Intestine  |  D) Liver
30. Where is the polysaccharide 'Cellulose' primarily found?
    A) Animal muscles  |  B) Plant cell walls  |  C) Milk  |  D) Blood
31. Main difference between DNA and RNA is:
    A) Type of sugar  |  B) Nitrogenous base (U vs T)  |  C) Number of helices  |  D) All of the above
32. Major disease in children due to protein deficiency?
    A) Night blindness  |  B) Kwashiorkor  |  C) Scurvy  |  D) Goiter
33. Who gave the 'Lock and Key Theory' to explain enzyme action?
    A) Emil Fischer  |  B) Koshland  |  C) Neuberg  |  D) Dalton
34. Energy obtained from oxidation of fat is:
    A) 4.0 kcal/g  |  B) 9.3 kcal/g  |  C) 2.0 kcal/g  |  D) 15 kcal/g
35. A Nucleotide is composed of which three units?
    A) Sugar + Base  |  B) Sugar + Phosphorus  |  C) Sugar + Nitrogenous Base + Phosphoric Acid  |  D) Only protein
36. Which metallic element is found in Vitamin B12?
    A) Iron  |  B) Magnesium  |  C) Cobalt  |  D) Zinc
37. Function of Invertase enzyme:
    A) Convert starch to maltose  |  B) Convert sucrose to glucose and fructose  |  C) Digest fat  |  D) Make protein
38. Use of Antioxidants in food processing:
    A) Enhance taste  |  B) Prevent fat oxidation (rancidity)  |  C) Bleach color  |  D) Absorb moisture
39. Glucose and Fructose have the same formula (C6H12O6), but Fructose has:
    A) Alcohol  |  B) Ketone group  |  C) Ether  |  D) Amide
40. Which is the group of fat-soluble vitamins?
    A) B and C  |  B) A, D, E, K  |  C) Only C  |  D) A and B
41. What does 'Denaturation' of protein mean?
    A) Formation of protein  |  B) Loss of biological activity due to temp/pH  |  C) Freezing of protein  |  D) Purification of protein
42. Hydrolysis of Lactose yields:
    A) Glucose + Glucose  |  B) Glucose + Galactose  |  C) Fructose + Galactose  |  D) Glucose + Fructose
43. What is called the 'Protein Factory' of the cell?
    A) Mitochondria  |  B) Ribosome  |  C) Nucleus  |  D) Lysosome
44. Main basis of DNA Fingerprinting:
    A) Blood group  |  B) Uniqueness of DNA sequence  |  C) Amount of protein  |  D) Cell size
45. Deficiency of Vitamin E primarily causes:
    A) Weak bones  |  B) Infertility  |  C) Anaemia  |  D) Swollen gums