7. Disease of Rabi Crops

*नोट: यह सेक्शन रिवीजन के लिए है। अपना ज्ञान परखने के लिए ऊपर दिए गए क्विज़ में भाग लें।

1. Causal fungus for 'Black or Stem Rust' of wheat:
   A) Puccinia graminis tritici  |  B) Puccinia recondita  |  C) Puccinia striiformis  |  D) Alternaria
2. Main symptom of Ear Cockle of wheat:
   A) Falling leaves  |  B) Hard brown Galls instead of grains  |  C) Root rot  |  D) Stem turning blue
3. Causal fungus for 'White Rust' of mustard:
   A) Albugo candida  |  B) Alternaria  |  C) Puccinia  |  D) Fusarium
4. Covered Smut of barley is which type of disease?
   A) Internally seed-borne  |  B) Externally Seed-borne  |  C) Air-borne  |  D) Soil-borne
5. Brown/black blisters formed by fungus in Rust diseases are:
   A) Outbreaks  |  B) Pustules  |  C) Grains  |  D) Galls
6. Molya disease of wheat is caused by:
   A) Fungus  |  B) Bacterium  |  C) Nematode (Heterodera avenae)  |  D) Virus
7. On which surface of mustard leaves do white pustules form in White Rust?
   A) Upper surface  |  B) Lower surface  |  C) On stem  |  D) On root
8. Bacterial 'Tundu' disease is related to which crop?
   A) Mustard  |  B) Wheat  |  C) Barley  |  D) Gram
9. In Yellow Rust, pustules are arranged in which pattern?
   A) Irregular  |  B) Parallel rows along leaf veins  |  C) Circular  |  D) Triangular
10. Seed treatment for Ear Cockle of wheat using salt solution concentration:
    A) 2%  |  B) 20% salt solution  |  C) 50%  |  D) 1%
11. Effective fungicide for Rust management:
    A) Urea  |  B) Mancozeb or Propiconazole  |  C) Gypsum  |  D) Salt
12. In Covered Smut of barley, black powder in place of grains is covered by:
    A) Soil  |  B) Thin silver membrane  |  C) Husk  |  D) None
13. Causal bacterium for Tundu disease:
    A) Clavibacter tritici  |  B) Xanthomonas  |  C) Rhizobium  |  D) None
14. Inflorescence becoming distorted like 'Stag's horn' is a symptom of:
    A) Alternaria blight  |  B) White Rust  |  C) Downy mildew  |  D) Smut
15. Example of a rust-resistant wheat variety:
    A) Sonalika  |  B) Kalyan Sona  |  C) Both A and B  |  D) None
16. Puccinia graminis tritici completes its cycle on which two plants?
    A) Wheat and Mustard  |  B) Wheat and Barberry  |  C) Wheat and Maize  |  D) Only Wheat
17. Transmission of Ear Cockle occurs via:
    A) Air  |  B) Infected seeds (mixed with galls)  |  C) Soil  |  D) Insect
18. Where are the chlamydospores of Covered Smut of barley attached?
    A) Inside the embryo  |  B) On external seed coat  |  C) On root  |  D) None
19. Type of spots formed on leaves in Alternaria Blight:
    A) White  |  B) Target board appearance (concentric rings)  |  C) Black stripes  |  D) None
20. Black blisters of Black Rust are actually:
    A) Uredinia  |  B) Telia  |  C) Pycnidia  |  D) None
21. Simultaneous occurrence of Ear Cockle and Tundu is called:
    A) Complex disease  |  B) Ear Cockle-Tundu Complex  |  C) Mixed infection  |  D) None
22. How long can White Rust spores survive in soil?
    A) 1 month  |  B) 2-3 years (as Oospores)  |  C) 10 years  |  D) Zero
23. Brown Rust is also known as:
    A) Stem Rust  |  B) Leaf Rust  |  C) Striped Rust  |  D) None
24. Fungicide 'Thiram' dose for barley seed treatment:
    A) 1 gram  |  B) 2.5 gram/kg seed  |  C) 10 grams  |  D) 50 grams
25. Ear Cockle galls float in water because they are:
    A) Heavy  |  B) Lighter than grains  |  C) Alive  |  D) None
26. Early Sowing of mustard helps avoid which disease?
    A) White Rust  |  B) Alternaria Blight  |  C) Both A and B  |  D) None
27. In severe Black Rust, grains become:
    A) Large  |  B) Shriveled and light  |  C) Black powder  |  D) Sweet
28. Separating Ear Cockle galls by hand or sieve is which method?
    A) Mechanical  |  B) Chemical  |  C) Biological  |  D) Natural
29. Hypertrophy of inflorescence is a major feature of:
    A) White Rust  |  B) Black Rust  |  C) Ear Cockle  |  D) None
30. Loose Smut of barley is which type of disease?
    A) Externally seed-borne  |  B) Internally Seed-borne  |  C) Soil-borne  |  D) None
31. What are Urediniospores of Black Rust like?
    A) Unicellular, brown and oval  |  B) Bicellular  |  C) Non-motile  |  D) White
32. Total number of spore stages in Puccinia life cycle:
    A) 2  |  B) 5 (Uredo, Telio, Basidio, Pycnio, Aecio)  |  C) 3  |  D) 4
33. Where does Anguina tritici reach in the plant after emerging from galls?
    A) In root  |  B) On the growing point (Shoot apex)  |  C) Deep in soil  |  D) In flower
34. Primary infection source of White Rust of mustard:
    A) Air  |  B) Oospores present in soil  |  C) Pure water  |  D) Insect
35. Structure of Teliospores of Black Rust:
    A) Unicellular  |  B) Bicellular and dark brown  |  C) Tricellular  |  D) White
36. Who gave 'Solar heat treatment' for Covered Smut of barley?
    A) Butler  |  B) Luthra & Sattar (1934)  |  C) De Bary  |  D) Muncker
37. Which rust is also called 'Orange Rust'?
    A) Black Rust  |  B) Brown Rust  |  C) Yellow Rust  |  D) None
38. Density of salt solution for Ear Cockle gall separation:
    A) 1.0  |  B) 1.10 - 1.20  |  C) 2.0  |  D) 0.5
39. Secondary infection of White Rust occurs through:
    A) Oospores  |  B) Sporangia and Zoospores (via air)  |  C) Soil  |  D) Root
40. Order of the rust fungus 'Puccinia' is:
    A) Uredinales  |  B) Peronosporales  |  C) Alternariales  |  D) None
41. Ear Cockle symptoms first appear clearly at which stage?
    A) Germination  |  B) Heading (Emergence of ears)  |  C) Sowing  |  D) Harvesting
42. When does the membrane of barley smut grains burst?
    A) During heading  |  B) During Threshing  |  C) Always burst  |  D) Never
43. Destruction of 'true reproductive organs' of mustard flowers is due to:
    A) White Rust  |  B) Blight  |  C) Smut  |  D) None
44. Hot water treatment temp for Alternaria Blight control:
    A) 30°C  |  B) 50°C (for 20 mins)  |  C) 100°C  |  D) 80°C
45. Yellow Rust of wheat is primarily seen in which states?
    A) South India  |  B) North-West India (Cool regions)  |  C) Central India  |  D) Only Rajasthan