2. Federalism

*नोट: यह सेक्शन रिवीजन के लिए है। अपना ज्ञान परखने के लिए ऊपर दिए गए क्विज़ में भाग लें।

1. What is the system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and various constituent units?
   A) Unitary government  |  B) Federalism  |  C) Monarchy  |  D) Dictatorship
2. How many levels of government are there usually in a federal system?
   A) One  |  B) Two or more  |  C) Five  |  D) None of these
3. What is India called in its Constitution?
   A) Union of States  |  B) Unitary country  |  C) Monarchy  |  D) None of these
4. Who has the power to make laws on the Union List?
   A) State Government  |  B) Central Government  |  C) Panchayat  |  D) Both
5. Who makes laws on subjects in the State List?
   A) Central Government  |  B) State Government  |  C) Supreme Court  |  D) None of these
6. Who can make laws on subjects included in the Concurrent List?
   A) Only Center  |  B) Only State  |  C) Both Center and State  |  D) President
7. Education, Forest, and Trade Unions are subjects of which list?
   A) Union List  |  B) State List  |  C) Concurrent List  |  D) Residuary Powers
8. In which year did local self-government (Municipality/Panchayat) get constitutional status in India?
   A) 1947  |  B) 1950  |  C) 1992 (73rd & 74th Amendments)  |  D) 2005
9. What is the head of a Municipal Corporation called?
   A) Sarpanch  |  B) Mayor  |  C) MLA  |  D) Collector
10. Which is the apex unit of the Panchayati Raj system at the rural level?
    A) Gram Sabha  |  B) Gram Panchayat  |  C) Zila Parishad  |  D) Panchayat Samiti
11. According to the constitution, which is the 'Official Language' of India?
    A) English  |  B) Hindi  |  C) Sanskrit  |  D) Tamil
12. How many languages are recognized as Scheduled Languages in India?
    A) 10  |  B) 15  |  C) 22  |  D) 25
13. What are powers that do not fall under any of the three lists called?
    A) Special Powers  |  B) Residuary Powers  |  C) Concurrent Powers  |  D) None of these
14. America is an example of which type of federation?
    A) Holding together  |  B) Coming Together Federalism  |  C) Unitary  |  D) None of these
15. India is an example of which type of federation?
    A) Coming together  |  B) Holding Together Federalism  |  C) Monarchy  |  D) None of these
16. Who settles disputes between the Center and the States?
    A) Prime Minister  |  B) President  |  C) Judiciary (Supreme/High Courts)  |  D) Police
17. Which was the first state in India to be formed on a linguistic basis?
    A) Punjab  |  B) Andhra Pradesh  |  C) Uttar Pradesh  |  D) Bihar
18. At which level is the Panchayat Samiti formed?
    A) Village level  |  B) Block or Khand level  |  C) District level  |  D) State level
19. What is the head of a Gram Panchayat called?
    A) Parshad  |  B) Sarpanch  |  C) Mayor  |  D) Mukhiya
20. Are state governments in India subordinate to the Central government?
    A) Yes  |  B) No, they are independent on their subjects  |  C) Only during war  |  D) None of these
21. A key feature of federalism is:
    A) Centralization of powers  |  B) Supremacy and written nature of the Constitution  |  C) Government without elections  |  D) Only one level of government
22. What is the main difference between Unitary system and Federalism?
    A) In Unitary, all power is with the Center; in Federalism, it is divided  |  B) No difference  |  C) No elections in Unitary  |  D) None of these
23. What does Decentralization mean in India?
    A) Keeping power in one hand  |  B) Taking power from Center and State and giving it to local governments  |  C) Abolishing states  |  D) None of these
24. If there is a conflict between Center and State on a law in the Concurrent List, whose law will prevail?
    A) State  |  B) Central Government (Union Law)  |  C) Both cancelled  |  D) Supreme Court will decide
25. How did Coalition Government affect Indian federalism?
    A) Center's power increased  |  B) Importance of regional parties and power sharing increased  |  C) Democracy weakened  |  D) None of these
26. What arrangement is in the constitution to protect languages other than Hindi?
    A) They were abolished  |  B) 21 other languages were included in the Scheduled list  |  C) Only English is mandatory  |  D) None of these
27. How many seats are reserved for women in local bodies?
    A) 10%  |  B) 25%  |  C) One-third  |  D) 50%
28. What big change occurred in Center-State relations in India after 1990?
    A) States' powers were snatched  |  B) Era of coalition politics and autonomy began  |  C) Only one party ruled  |  D) None of these
29. When was the report of the States Reorganisation Commission (SRC) implemented?
    A) 1947  |  B) 1956  |  C) 1960  |  D) 1992
30. Why is the role of the Judiciary like an 'umpire' in federalism?
    A) Because it plays cricket  |  B) Because it interprets the division of powers between Center and State  |  C) Because it only watches  |  D) None of these
31. Who is given the power to make laws on residuary subjects (like computer software)?
    A) State  |  B) Central Government  |  C) Both  |  D) No one
32. What do local governments in India have for their own financial resources?
    A) They depend only on donations  |  B) The constitution provides them with some sources of revenue  |  C) They have no money  |  D) None of these
33. What is the main idea behind Panchayati Raj?
    A) To make leaders rich  |  B) Direct participation of local people in governance  |  C) To clean cities  |  D) None of these
34. Is it easy to change the federal structure by amending the constitution?
    A) Yes, the PM can do it  |  B) No, it requires a two-thirds majority of Parliament and consent of half the states  |  C) Only the President can do it  |  D) None of these
35. What impact did the formation of linguistic states have on the unity of the country?
    A) The country broke  |  B) The country became more integrated and stronger  |  C) Administration became difficult  |  D) None of these
36. Which commission was formed to improve Center-State relations?
    A) Mandal Commission  |  B) Sarkaria Commission  |  C) Planning Commission  |  D) Election Commission
37. Why did Belgium shift from a unitary to a federal form of government?
    A) For money  |  B) To accommodate linguistic and regional diversities  |  C) For war  |  D) None of these
38. Is it mandatory to hold elections for Panchayats and Municipalities regularly?
    A) No  |  B) Yes, it is constitutionally mandatory after the 1992 amendment  |  C) Depends on wish  |  D) None of these
39. What does the Bilingual policy mean in India?
    A) Only Hindi  |  B) Continued use of English along with Hindi for official purposes  |  C) Only Sanskrit  |  D) None of these
40. Subjects in the State List include:
    A) Defense and Banking  |  B) Police, Trade and Agriculture  |  C) Education and Forest  |  D) None of these
41. What does 'Dual identity' mean in federalism?
    A) Having two faces  |  B) People are linked to both their region (e.g. Punjabi) and the country (Indian)  |  C) Having two voter cards  |  D) None of these
42. What is the third tier of 'Constitutional governance' in India?
    A) Central Government  |  B) State Government  |  C) Local Self-Government  |  D) Judiciary
43. What is meant by Autonomy?
    A) Independence  |  B) The right of states to take decisions in their internal matters  |  C) Opposition to Center  |  D) None of these
44. When did the Three-tier governance system become fully effective in India?
    A) 1950  |  B) After the constitutional amendments of 1992  |  C) 1947  |  D) 2000
45. If the Central government dismisses a State government, what can the Judiciary do?
    A) Nothing  |  B) Review it and restore it if it's unconstitutional  |  C) Remove the PM  |  D) None of these
46. Who called federalism a 'system of bargaining'?
    A) Morris Jones  |  B) Ambedkar  |  C) Nehru  |  D) Gandhi
47. Why is the Center more powerful in India's federal system?
    A) The constitution gave more and important subjects to the Union List  |  B) States are weak  |  C) Army is with the Center  |  D) None of these
48. Do local governments have their own police?
    A) Yes  |  B) No, police is a State government subject  |  C) Only in Delhi  |  D) None of these
49. Who is the political head of the Zila Parishad?
    A) Collector  |  B) Zila Parishad Chairperson  |  C) Chief Minister  |  D) MP
50. In the direction of decentralization in India, the '73rd Amendment' is related to:
    A) Municipality  |  B) Panchayati Raj  |  C) Lok Sabha  |  D) Judiciary
51. What is the function of the Gram Sabha?
    A) Building roads  |  B) Monitoring the work of the Gram Panchayat and reviewing the budget  |  C) Taking tax  |  D) Fighting wars
52. What does Cooperative Federalism mean?
    A) Opposition to each other  |  B) Center and State working together for national goals  |  C) Only trade  |  D) None of these
53. Why is a 'written constitution' necessary in federalism?
    A) For reading  |  B) To avoid future confusion or disputes over division of powers  |  C) For beauty  |  D) None of these
54. Do all states in India have equal rights?
    A) Yes  |  B) No, some states (like under Article 371) have special status  |  C) Only Delhi  |  D) None of these
55. What is necessary for the success of federalism?
    A) Democratic politics and mutual trust  |  B) Only army  |  C) Only money  |  D) None of these
56. India's language policy saved us from a situation like which country (like civil war in Sri Lanka)?
    A) Belgium  |  B) Sri Lanka (where one language was imposed)  |  C) America  |  D) Russia
57. Why was the 'State Election Commission' formed for local elections?
    A) To reduce Center's work  |  B) To ensure free and fair local elections  |  C) Only for show  |  D) None of these
58. Why is there a clear description of sources of 'revenue' in a federal system?
    A) To hide money  |  B) To ensure the financial autonomy of governments  |  C) To stop theft  |  D) None of these
59. Despite decentralization, where does real power still seem to be concentrated in India?
    A) In villages  |  B) At the level of Central and State governments  |  C) In Panchayats  |  D) None of these
60. What is the ideal form of federalism?
    A) Mutual trust and agreement to live together  |  B) Only law  |  C) Applying pressure  |  D) None of these