1. Power Sharing

*नोट: यह सेक्शन रिवीजन के लिए है। अपना ज्ञान परखने के लिए ऊपर दिए गए क्विज़ में भाग लें।

1. Where was the headquarters of the European Union (EU) chosen?
   A) Paris  |  B) Brussels  |  C) London  |  D) Berlin
2. What was the main cause of the Civil War in Sri Lanka?
   A) Poverty  |  B) Majoritarianism and disregard for minorities  |  C) Foreign invasion  |  D) None of these
3. Which type of government in Belgium prevented conflict between linguistic communities?
   A) Dictatorship  |  B) Community Government  |  C) Monarchy  |  D) None of these
4. What is the 'Prudential' reason for power sharing?
   A) It is moral  |  B) It reduces the possibility of conflict between social groups  |  C) It is beautiful  |  D) None of these
5. What is the 'Moral' reason for power sharing?
   A) It gives profit  |  B) It is the very spirit of democracy  |  C) It is mandatory  |  D) None of these
6. Which organization did the Sri Lankan Tamils form to fight for their rights?
   A) LTTE  |  B) Congress  |  C) BJP  |  D) None of these
7. In Belgium, how were the French-speaking people compared to the Dutch-speaking people?
   A) Poor  |  B) Rich and powerful  |  C) Weak  |  D) None of these
8. Who is the source of power in a democracy?
   A) The King  |  B) The People  |  C) The Army  |  D) The Police
9. Belgium is a small country on which continent?
   A) Asia  |  B) Europe  |  C) Africa  |  D) Australia
10. With which countries does Belgium share its borders?
    A) France, Netherlands, Germany and Luxembourg  |  B) India and China  |  C) England and Russia  |  D) None of these
11. Which two main languages are spoken in Belgium?
    A) Hindi and English  |  B) Dutch and French  |  C) German and Spanish  |  D) None of these
12. In Brussels, the capital of Belgium, what percentage of people speak French?
    A) 20%  |  B) 80%  |  C) 50%  |  D) 10%
13. Sri Lanka is an island nation, a few kilometers off the coast of which Indian state?
    A) Kerala  |  B) Tamil Nadu  |  C) Andhra Pradesh  |  D) Odisha
14. When did Sri Lanka gain independence?
    A) 1947  |  B) 1948  |  C) 1950  |  D) 1960
15. Which is the largest social group in Sri Lanka?
    A) Tamils  |  B) Sinhala (74%)  |  C) Christians  |  D) Muslims
16. When was 'Sinhala' recognized as the only official language in Sri Lanka?
    A) 1950  |  B) 1956  |  C) 1960  |  D) 1970
17. Most of the Sinhala-speaking people in Sri Lanka follow which religion?
    A) Hinduism  |  B) Buddhism  |  C) Islam  |  D) Christianity
18. How many times was the Constitution of Belgium amended between 1970 and 1993?
    A) Once  |  B) Four times  |  C) Ten times  |  D) Never
19. Power sharing is the ________ of democracy:
    A) Spirit  |  B) Enemy  |  C) Compulsion  |  D) None of these
20. Division of power among different organs of government (Legislature, Executive, Judiciary) is called:
    A) Vertical distribution  |  B) Horizontal distribution  |  C) Religious distribution  |  D) None of these
21. What was the key feature of the Belgian model?
    A) Majority rule  |  B) Equal number of Dutch and French-speaking ministers in the central government  |  C) Civil war  |  D) None of these
22. What does 'Majoritarianism' mean in Sri Lanka?
    A) Equal rights for all  |  B) A belief that the majority community should be able to rule the country in whichever way it wants  |  C) Respect for minorities  |  D) None of these
23. What is the system of Checks and Balances?
    A) Counting money  |  B) Horizontal distribution of power where each organ keeps a check on the others  |  C) Military rule  |  D) None of these
24. What is the Vertical distribution of power?
    A) Among organs  |  B) Among governments at different levels (Central, State, Local)  |  C) Among religions  |  D) None of these
25. Who elects the Community Government in Belgium?
    A) Only the rich  |  B) People belonging to one language community (no matter where they live)  |  C) The Army  |  D) None of these
26. Why did Tamils in Sri Lanka feel alienated?
    A) Disregard for their language and culture  |  B) Discrimination in government jobs  |  C) Protection of Buddhism by the new constitution  |  D) All of the above
27. In a Coalition Government, power is shared between:
    A) Two or more political parties  |  B) King and subjects  |  C) Father and son  |  D) None of these
28. Why is power sharing necessary?
    A) To spread unrest  |  B) To ensure the stability of the political order  |  C) For dictatorship  |  D) None of these
29. How do Pressure Groups influence power?
    A) By contesting elections  |  B) By influencing movements and decisions  |  C) By picking up arms  |  D) None of these
30. What was the percentage of the Dutch-speaking population in Belgium?
    A) 20%  |  B) 59% (living in the Flemish region)  |  C) 80%  |  D) 40%
31. When did the Civil War in Sri Lanka end?
    A) 1990  |  B) 2009  |  C) 2015  |  D) 2020
32. An example of power sharing among 'different social groups' is:
    A) Coalition  |  B) Reserved constituencies (like for women and backward classes)  |  C) Dictatorship  |  D) None of these
33. What does a Federal Government mean?
    A) Only one level of government  |  B) A general government for the entire country and separate governments at the provincial level  |  C) Country without government  |  D) None of these
34. Why is it necessary to give minorities a fair share in power?
    A) To make them happy  |  B) To maintain the unity and integrity of the country  |  C) For show  |  D) None of these
35. What was the demand of the Sri Lankan Tamils?
    A) Separate country  |  B) Recognition of Tamil as an official language and regional autonomy  |  C) Learning Hindi  |  D) None of these
36. What powers does the 'Community Government' of Belgium have?
    A) Only military  |  B) Cultural, educational and language-related issues  |  C) Taking tax  |  D) Fighting wars
37. Why was the problem in Brussels different from the rest of Belgium?
    A) No one lived there  |  B) Dutch-speaking people were in a minority there but in a majority in the country  |  C) There was only a king  |  D) None of these
38. What is the role of the 'Opposition' in a democracy?
    A) To stop work  |  B) To highlight the failures of the ruling party and make them accountable  |  C) Not to contest elections  |  D) None of these
39. What is the role of the Judiciary in the horizontal distribution of power?
    A) To make laws  |  B) To protect the constitution and settle disputes  |  C) To conduct elections  |  D) None of these
40. Does power sharing weaken a country?
    A) Yes  |  B) No, it actually makes the unity of the nation stronger  |  C) Don't know  |  D) None of these
41. What unique power-sharing arrangement exists in Beirut, the capital of Lebanon?
    A) Majoritarian rule  |  B) Fixed distribution of posts like President, PM etc. among different religious communities  |  C) Military rule  |  D) None of these
42. What is the 'Legal' form of power sharing?
    A) Clear division of powers by the constitution  |  B) Division of money  |  C) Division of land  |  D) None of these
43. Sinhala dominance in Sri Lanka gave rise to which sentiment?
    A) Nationalism  |  B) Separatism and Civil War  |  C) Brotherhood  |  D) Peace
44. What did the Belgian model teach the world?
    A) Fighting wars  |  B) Balancing cultural diversities and linguistic differences  |  C) Imposing language  |  D) None of these
45. Who gave the theory of Separation of Powers?
    A) Gandhi  |  B) Montesquieu  |  C) Marx  |  D) Nehru
46. Coalition governments started a new era of what in power sharing?
    A) Centralization  |  B) Participation of more parties and ideologies in power  |  C) Single party rule  |  D) None of these
47. What does the word 'Eelam' mean in Sri Lanka?
    A) Religion  |  B) State  |  C) Language  |  D) Food
48. In democratic systems, whom do 'Interest Groups' influence?
    A) Only the public  |  B) Government policies and legislative processes  |  C) Only the army  |  D) None of these
49. What is the importance of 'Equality' in power sharing?
    A) It gives rise to conflicts  |  B) It makes all sections feel a sense of participation in governance  |  C) It has no importance  |  D) None of these
50. What was the population of 'Sri Lankan Tamils' and 'Indian Tamils' in Sri Lanka?
    A) 5% and 2%  |  B) 13% and 5% (Total 18% Tamils)  |  C) 50% and 10%  |  D) None of these
51. What is the percentage of 'German' speaking people in Belgium?
    A) 10%  |  B) 1%  |  C) 5%  |  D) 20%
52. To whom is the Executive accountable?
    A) Judiciary  |  B) Legislature  |  C) Army  |  D) Foreign government
53. What can the absence of power sharing result in?
    A) Development  |  B) Partition of the country and violence  |  C) Peace  |  D) None of these
54. How is people's participation ensured in a democracy?
    A) Only through slogans  |  B) Through regular elections and decentralization  |  C) By the army  |  D) None of these
55. What is the benefit of Decentralization of power?
    A) Power remains in one hand  |  B) Local problems are solved better at the local level  |  C) Waste of money  |  D) None of these
56. Did any civil war occur in Belgium?
    A) Yes  |  B) No, because they chose the path of power sharing  |  C) Can't say  |  D) Don't know
57. Why is 'Tyranny of the majority' dangerous in a democracy?
    A) It is only bad for minorities  |  B) It eventually becomes a threat to the unity of the entire nation  |  C) It is good  |  D) None of these
58. Which religion did Sri Lanka adopt?
    A) Secularism  |  B) State protection to Buddhism  |  C) Christianity  |  D) None of these
59. What is the 'Liberal' approach to power sharing?
    A) Suppression  |  B) Solving disputes through dialogue and compromise  |  C) Picking up arms  |  D) None of these
60. The most prevalent form of power sharing in modern democracies is:
    A) Monarchy  |  B) Division of powers among organs and levels  |  C) Dictatorship  |  D) None of these