4. The Age of Industrialisation

*नोट: यह सेक्शन रिवीजन के लिए है। अपना ज्ञान परखने के लिए ऊपर दिए गए क्विज़ में भाग लें।

1. What is the meaning of Proto-industrialization?
   A) Era after the establishment of factories  |  B) Industrial production process before the establishment of factories  |  C) Era of only farming  |  D) Machine era
2. Which was the world's first industrial country?
   A) France  |  B) Britain  |  C) USA  |  D) Germany
3. Who invented the Spinning Jenny?
   A) James Watt  |  B) James Hargreaves  |  C) Richard Arkwright  |  D) Matthew Boulton
4. What did Richard Arkwright invent?
   A) Steam engine  |  B) Cotton Mill  |  C) Spinning Jenny  |  D) Fly shuttle
5. James Watt improved the steam engine made by whom?
   A) Newcomen  |  B) Arkwright  |  C) Hargreaves  |  D) Edison
6. Whom did the East India Company appoint to supervise weavers?
   A) Sepoy  |  B) Gomastha  |  C) Jobber  |  D) Zamindar
7. Where was the first cotton mill established in India?
   A) Calcutta  |  B) Bombay (1854)  |  C) Madras  |  D) Surat
8. Where was the first jute mill established in India?
   A) Bombay  |  B) Bengal (Calcutta - 1855)  |  C) Ahmedabad  |  D) Kanpur
9. Whom did industrialists keep for recruiting new workers?
   A) Gomastha  |  B) Jobber  |  C) Soldier  |  D) None of these
10. In what was the Fly Shuttle used?
    A) In farming  |  B) In Weaving  |  C) In cooking  |  D) In cleaning
11. When did the first factories open in England?
    A) 1730s  |  B) 1850s  |  C) 1789  |  D) 1900
12. Which were the main industries during the Industrial Revolution?
    A) Iron and Steel  |  B) Cotton textile and metal  |  C) IT and software  |  D) Plastic
13. Who was Seth Hukumchand?
    A) A weaver  |  B) Marwari businessman (founder of first jute mill)  |  C) A peasant  |  D) British officer
14. Which Indian deity's image was often seen on Manchester labels?
    A) Baby Krishna  |  B) Lord Shiva  |  C) Ganesha  |  D) Hanuman
15. What is Carding?
    A) Dyeing cloth  |  B) Process in which fibers are prepared prior to spinning  |  C) Selling cloth  |  D) Weaving
16. What did the upper classes in Victorian Britain prefer?
    A) Machine-made goods  |  B) Handmade goods  |  C) Foreign goods  |  D) Cheap goods
17. What was the impact on city populations due to industrialization?
    A) Decreased  |  B) Rapid increase  |  C) Remained stable  |  D) Became zero
18. What was the impact on weavers with the advent of machines?
    A) They became rich  |  B) Their livelihood was endangered  |  C) They became owners of machines  |  D) None of these
19. What do Advertisements do for consumers?
    A) Scare them  |  B) Create new needs and make products desirable  |  C) Only show photos  |  D) None of these
20. What happened to Indian weavers when Manchester cloth was imported to India?
    A) Export market collapsed and local market was flooded with cheap Manchester cloth  |  B) Their demand increased  |  C) They went to England  |  D) None of these
21. Why did European merchants get work done from peasants in villages?
    A) Villages were beautiful  |  B) Guilds in cities were very powerful and did not let new people work  |  C) Peasants had no work  |  D) None of these
22. Why was Hand labor preferred over machines?
    A) Machines were expensive and market demand for designs changed frequently  |  B) Machines were not good  |  C) Lack of workers  |  D) None of these
23. In which industries in Britain was the demand for workers Seasonal?
    A) Gas works and breweries  |  B) Ports and ship repair  |  C) Binding and printing  |  D) All of the above
24. Why was there often a clash between Gomasthas and weavers?
    A) They were friends  |  B) Gomasthas were outsiders and treated weavers harshly  |  C) Because of money  |  D) None of these
25. What was the main reason for the decline in cotton cloth exports from India?
    A) Indian cloth was bad  |  B) Import duties (Tariff) were imposed in Britain  |  C) Cotton ran out in India  |  D) None of these
26. What benefit did Indian industries get during the First World War?
    A) British factories were busy making war materials, giving Indian industries the home market  |  B) Britain gave machines to India  |  C) War stopped  |  D) None of these
27. When was the Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO) established?
    A) 1854  |  B) 1912 (Jamshedpur)  |  C) 1947  |  D) 1900
28. Who were the women protesting against the Spinning Jenny?
    A) Rich women  |  B) Wool spinning women who feared unemployment  |  C) Educated women  |  D) None of these
29. What was the purpose of the system of giving Loans to weavers?
    A) To help them  |  B) To bind them to the company so they couldn't sell cloth to anyone else  |  C) To earn money  |  D) None of these
30. By what was Britain known by the middle of the 19th century?
    A) Agricultural country  |  B) Workshop of the world  |  C) Backward country  |  D) Military power
31. Which class was most displaced by the beginning of the machine era?
    A) Merchants  |  B) Cottage industry artisans and weavers  |  C) Zamindars  |  D) Doctors
32. Who first used the term 'Industrial Revolution'?
    A) Arnold Toynbee  |  B) Adam Smith  |  C) Karl Marx  |  D) Napoleon
33. Who was Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy?
    A) A weaver  |  B) Parsi industrialist and shipbuilder  |  C) A king  |  D) A revolutionary
34. In which sectors did European Managing Agencies invest in India?
    A) Tea and coffee plantations  |  B) Mining and jute  |  C) Both A and B  |  D) Only cloth
35. How did Small-scale industries save themselves during industrialization?
    A) By adopting technical improvements (like Fly Shuttle)  |  B) They closed down  |  C) They fought machines  |  D) None of these
36. How did the Swadeshi Movement promote Indian industries?
    A) Demand for Indian mill-cloth increased due to boycott of foreign cloth  |  B) The British helped  |  C) No effect  |  D) None of these
37. Why did the Jobber bring people from villages?
    A) To show them the city  |  B) To get them jobs in factories and take gifts/money in return  |  C) For cleaning  |  D) None of these
38. How did the East India Company establish a Monopoly over the Indian cloth trade?
    A) Peacefully  |  B) By giving loans to weavers and removing middlemen (brokers)  |  C) By increasing prices  |  D) None of these
39. Which city in India was called the 'Manchester of the East' in the 19th century?
    A) Bombay  |  B) Ahmedabad  |  C) Kanpur  |  D) Surat
40. When did the 'Iron and Steel' industry surpass cotton in Britain?
    A) 1730  |  B) 1840s with the expansion of railways  |  C) 1950  |  D) Never
41. Why was the pace of mechanization slow in the early stages?
    A) Machines were expensive and repair was difficult when they broke  |  B) Workers broke machines  |  C) No electricity  |  D) None of these
42. Why did Dwarkanath Tagore start industrial investment in Bengal?
    A) He had profited from trade with China  |  B) Under British pressure  |  C) To leave farming  |  D) None of these
43. Why did Indian weavers face the problem of 'raw cotton' due to industrial development?
    A) Cotton was ruined  |  B) Due to the American Civil War, Britain started buying cotton from India, raising prices  |  C) Cotton cultivation stopped in India  |  D) None of these
44. Why did Manchester producers use 'calendars' to sell cloth in India?
    A) To see the date  |  B) To reach illiterate people with their ads and build brand identity  |  C) For beauty  |  D) None of these
45. What negative impact did industrialization have on the lives of workers?
    A) They became rich  |  B) Housing problems in cities and long periods of unemployment  |  C) They got holidays  |  D) None of these
46. Why did the demand for 'fine cloth' made by Indian weavers decline in the world?
    A) Machine-made Manchester cloth was cheaper and better in finishing  |  B) Indian weavers were lazy  |  C) Color was bad  |  D) None of these
47. How was the nature of industrialization in India 'Colonial'?
    A) Indians had full freedom  |  B) The British only promoted industries from which they benefited  |  C) No machines  |  D) None of these
48. What was the impact of the Fly Shuttle on weavers' productivity?
    A) Production decreased  |  B) Production speed increased and labor was saved  |  C) No impact  |  D) They became unemployed
49. In which item did Indian merchants trade with China during the colonial period?
    A) Tea and sugar  |  B) Opium and raw cotton  |  C) Gold  |  D) Machines
50. Why did British manufacturers use 'Made in Manchester' in ads in the late 19th century?
    A) To tell their location  |  B) Quality assurance and winning customers' trust  |  C) Decoration  |  D) None of these
51. How did the Industrial Revolution affect the 'gender-based' division of labor?
    A) Women stayed only at home  |  B) Separate wages and work areas were set for men and women  |  C) Equal wages were given  |  D) None of these
52. Why did old ports like Surat and Hooghly weaken by the end of the 18th century?
    A) Due to tsunami  |  B) Trade control shifting to European companies and the rise of Bombay/Calcutta  |  C) Trade stopped there  |  D) None of these
53. Why were handmade goods considered a symbol of 'Refinement' and class?
    A) They were cheap  |  B) Their texture was unique and they had intricate handiwork  |  C) They were made faster than machines  |  D) None of these
54. Why did Indian mills initially produce more 'Yarn' than cloth?
    A) Didn't know how to make cloth  |  B) To avoid direct competition with British mills and export to China  |  C) Cotton was less  |  D) None of these
55. How was 'nationalist message' used in advertising?
    A) By giving messages of 'Adopt Swadeshi' with images of Bharat Mata  |  B) Only by writing in English  |  C) By praising the British  |  D) None of these
56. How did industrialization promote 'Time discipline'?
    A) Workers worked at will  |  B) Shift systems and work according to the clock started in factories  |  C) No rules  |  D) None of these
57. Why was London called a 'Finishing Center'?
    A) Everything ended there  |  B) Yarn spun in villages came there for weaving and finishing (dyeing/packing)  |  C) Only machines were there  |  D) None of these
58. For which industry did 'Kanpur' become famous in India?
    A) Iron  |  B) Leather and woolens (Elgin Mill)  |  C) Sugar  |  D) Paper
59. Why couldn't Britain re-establish its dominance in the Indian market after the First World War?
    A) It had weakened and lagged behind USA/Japan  |  B) India had won the war  |  C) There were strikes there  |  D) None of these
60. Why did the number of hand-skilled artisans not completely vanish even in the era of mechanization?
    A) They were afraid of machines  |  B) Intricate designs and specific quality required human skill  |  C) Machines were few  |  D) None of these