3. The Making of a Global World

*नोट: यह सेक्शन रिवीजन के लिए है। अपना ज्ञान परखने के लिए ऊपर दिए गए क्विज़ में भाग लें।

1. What were the main routes connecting the world before the modern era called?
   A) Highways  |  B) Silk Routes  |  C) Sea routes  |  D) None of these
2. The Silk Routes mainly linked which continents?
   A) Asia, Europe, and Africa  |  B) Only Asia  |  C) America and Europe  |  D) India and China
3. Which main commodity was traded through Silk Routes in ancient times?
   A) Iron  |  B) Chinese Silk  |  C) Gold  |  D) Spices
4. Who discovered America (North & South America)?
   A) Vasco da Gama  |  B) Christopher Columbus  |  C) Magellan  |  D) Marco Polo
5. Which disease did European armies use to defeat the original inhabitants of America?
   A) Plague  |  B) Smallpox  |  C) Cholera  |  D) Malaria
6. What was the original home of the Potato?
   A) India  |  B) China  |  C) America  |  D) Europe
7. To which continent were people from Europe migrating in the 19th century?
   A) Asia  |  B) America and Australia  |  C) Africa  |  D) None of these
8. What else were Indentured Laborers called?
   A) Independent workers  |  B) New system of slavery  |  C) Government employees  |  D) Soldiers
9. In which country were the Corn Laws implemented?
   A) France  |  B) Britain  |  C) Germany  |  D) India
10. When did the making of a global world begin?
    A) From ancient times  |  B) Only after 1990  |  C) After the Industrial Revolution  |  D) None of these
11. What was Rinderpest?
    A) A fruit  |  B) Cattle Plague  |  C) A war  |  D) A merchant ship
12. How long did the First World War last?
    A) 1914-1918  |  B) 1939-1945  |  C) 1910-1920  |  D) 1900-1905
13. For what was Henry Ford famous?
    A) Growing potatoes  |  B) Mass Production of cars  |  C) Fighting wars  |  D) Painting
14. In which year did the Great Depression begin?
    A) 1914  |  B) 1929  |  C) 1945  |  D) 1991
15. Where was the Bretton Woods conference held?
    A) India  |  B) USA  |  C) Britain  |  D) Japan
16. What is the full form of IMF?
    A) Indian Money Fund  |  B) International Monetary Fund  |  C) Internal Main Fund  |  D) None of these
17. Under which conference was the World Bank established?
    A) Treaty of Vienna  |  B) Bretton Woods  |  C) Treaty of Versailles  |  D) None of these
18. From which regions of India were indentured laborers most commonly sent?
    A) Kerala  |  B) Uttar Pradesh and Bihar  |  C) Rajasthan  |  D) Punjab
19. What was Pasta (Noodles) called when it reached Europe from China?
    A) Macaroni  |  B) Spaghetti  |  C) Burger  |  D) Pizza
20. Where was the Hosay carnival organized?
    A) Trinidad  |  B) India  |  C) China  |  D) London
21. What was the result of abolishing 'Corn Laws' in Britain?
    A) Food became expensive  |  B) Import of food became cheaper and farming had to be abandoned  |  C) Exports increased  |  D) None of these
22. The Silk Routes were not just for trade, but also for what?
    A) Only war  |  B) Spread of religion and culture  |  C) Only tourism  |  D) None of these
23. How did Rinderpest affect the livelihoods of African people?
    A) 90% of cattle died, destroying their livelihood  |  B) They became rich  |  C) Farming increased  |  D) None of these
24. Who were the 'Allies' during the First World War?
    A) Germany, Austria, Turkey  |  B) Britain, France, and Russia (later USA)  |  C) India and China  |  D) None of these
25. What was the benefit of the Mass Production system?
    A) Prices increased  |  B) Costs decreased and production increased  |  C) Unemployment increased  |  D) None of these
26. Which class was worst affected during the Great Depression?
    A) Merchants  |  B) Peasants and agricultural communities  |  C) Salaried people  |  D) None of these
27. Why was the G-77 group of nations formed?
    A) To help developed nations  |  B) To demand a New International Economic Order (NIEO)  |  C) To fight wars  |  D) None of these
28. What was the impact of colonialism in the late 19th century?
    A) Freedom came to colonized countries  |  B) Economies of colonies became part of the global economy  |  C) Poverty ended  |  D) None of these
29. Who was V.S. Naipaul?
    A) An indentured laborer  |  B) Famous writer (descendant of indentured laborers)  |  C) A king  |  D) A merchant
30. What was sent out from India through the Silk Routes?
    A) Gold  |  B) Cotton textiles and spices  |  C) Machines  |  D) Silver
31. What was the main reason for the spread of Multinational Corporations (MNCs) in America?
    A) Excess of money  |  B) Low costs and access to global markets  |  C) War  |  D) None of these
32. Who are called the 'Bretton Woods Twins'?
    A) India and China  |  B) IMF and World Bank  |  C) UN and NATO  |  D) None of these
33. Which two countries were counted among the richest in the world until the 18th century?
    A) America and Britain  |  B) India and China  |  C) Japan and Germany  |  D) Russia and France
34. How did the disease 'Smallpox' help in the conquest of America?
    A) It only killed soldiers  |  B) Original inhabitants had no immunity against it  |  C) It was very beautiful  |  D) None of these
35. To which crop's cultivation were indentured laborers sent in the Caribbean islands?
    A) Wheat  |  B) Sugarcane  |  C) Potato  |  D) Maize
36. What were the three main 'flows' in the 19th-century world economy?
    A) Trade, labor, and capital  |  B) War, peace, and treaty  |  C) Water, air, and soil  |  D) None of these
37. Between which two groups was the Second World War (1939-1945) fought?
    A) Britain-France and Germany-Italy-Japan (Axis Powers)  |  B) India-Pakistan  |  C) America-Russia  |  D) None of these
38. What role did communication technology play in the process of globalization?
    A) Increased distance  |  B) Linked the world like a small village  |  C) Only entertained  |  D) None of these
39. What was the main basis of the boom in the American economy in the 1920s?
    A) Farming  |  B) Mass Production  |  C) Silk trade  |  D) None of these
40. In which country did millions of people die due to the Irish Potato Famine?
    A) India  |  B) Ireland  |  C) China  |  D) America
41. How did indentured laborers adjust to their new places?
    A) They ran away  |  B) By blending their old and new cultures to create a new identity  |  C) They remained silent  |  D) None of these
42. Why did 'gold' exports from India increase during the Great Depression?
    A) India was rich  |  B) Peasants had to sell gold to pay debts and meet needs  |  C) Out of happiness  |  D) None of these
43. When did the Floating Exchange Rate system come into effect?
    A) 1915  |  B) After the collapse of Bretton Woods in the 1970s  |  C) 1850  |  D) 2000
44. Why did Multinational Corporations (MNCs) move production centers to countries like China?
    A) Beautiful mountains there  |  B) Labor was very cheap there  |  C) Taxes were high there  |  D) None of these
45. Who was the main exporter of Cotton in the world market in the 19th century?
    A) Britain  |  B) India  |  C) Russia  |  D) Japan
46. How did nutrient-rich foods like maize and chilies reach Europe?
    A) They grew on their own  |  B) By Columbus after the discovery of America  |  C) Through Silk Routes  |  D) None of these
47. Why is the First World War called the 'first modern industrial war'?
    A) It involved mass use of machine guns, tanks, and aircraft  |  B) It was very short  |  C) Only stones were used  |  D) None of these
48. What else was important in the making of a global world besides 'trade'?
    A) Investment of capital  |  B) Migration of labor  |  C) Exchange of technology  |  D) All of the above
49. Why is G-77 seen as a reaction to Bretton Woods?
    A) Because they were twins  |  B) Because developing countries did not benefit from Bretton Woods institutions  |  C) Because of money  |  D) None of these
50. Where were Canal Colonies built?
    A) Madras  |  B) Punjab (to make semi-desert areas fertile)  |  C) Bengal  |  D) Bombay
51. What was the Trade Surplus Britain had with India?
    A) Incurring loss  |  B) Britain's exports to India were less and imports more  |  C) Using earnings from India to balance its other trade deficits  |  D) None of these
52. Where did Chutney Music become popular?
    A) India  |  B) Trinidad and Guyana (cultural identity of Indian laborers)  |  C) London  |  D) Paris
53. Who emerged as the world's greatest power after the Second World War?
    A) Russia  |  B) USA  |  C) China  |  D) Japan
54. Where was the flow of 'capital' mainly directed in the early stages of globalization?
    A) From poor to rich  |  B) From developed nations to colonies  |  C) Equal  |  D) None of these
55. What is meant by the Fixed Exchange Rate system?
    A) Currency price changing daily  |  B) Currency price being fixed with Dollar or Gold  |  C) Zero price  |  D) None of these
56. In what form did V.S. Naipaul's ancestors go abroad?
    A) Tourists  |  B) Indentured Laborers  |  C) Officers  |  D) Soldiers
57. When did China open its economy to the world?
    A) 1914  |  B) Late 1970s  |  C) 1947  |  D) 1850
58. Who controlled the Indigo trade in India in the 19th century?
    A) Indians  |  B) British merchants and East India Company  |  C) China  |  D) None of these
59. What happened to 'food' due to globalization?
    A) It vanished  |  B) It moved from one place to another and gained global identity  |  C) Only the rich got it  |  D) None of these
60. Who mainly controlled the Bretton Woods institutions?
    A) G-77  |  B) Western industrial powers and the USA  |  C) India  |  D) Africa