2. Forest and Wildlife Resources

*नोट: यह सेक्शन रिवीजन के लिए है। अपना ज्ञान परखने के लिए ऊपर दिए गए क्विज़ में भाग लें।

1. What percentage of the world's total sub-species is found in India?
   A) 2%  |  B) 8% (about 1.6 million)  |  C) 15%  |  D) 25%
2. What is the full form of IUCN?
   A) International Union for Conservation of Nature  |  B) Indian Union for Chemicals  |  C) International United Nations  |  D) None of these
3. Species which are in danger of extinction are called:
   A) Normal species  |  B) Endangered Species  |  C) Rare species  |  D) Endemic species
4. The Asiatic Elephant is which category of species?
   A) Endangered  |  B) Vulnerable  |  C) Extinct  |  D) Normal
5. The Andaman teal and Nicobar pigeon come under which category?
   A) Endangered  |  B) Endemic Species  |  C) Rare  |  D) None of these
6. When was 'Project Tiger' started in India?
   A) 1970  |  B) 1973  |  C) 1980  |  D) 1990
7. More than half of the total forest land has been declared as:
   A) Unclassed forest  |  B) Reserved Forests  |  C) Protected forest  |  D) Private forest
8. What was the main objective of the Chipko Movement?
   A) Saving water  |  B) Forest conservation (stopping trees from being cut)  |  C) Increasing farming  |  D) Saving tigers
9. In which state is the Sariska Tiger Reserve located?
   A) Madhya Pradesh  |  B) Rajasthan  |  C) Uttar Pradesh  |  D) Gujarat
10. The villagers who declared 'Bhairovdev Dakav Sonchuri' belong to:
    A) Haryana  |  B) Rajasthan (Alwar district)  |  C) Punjab  |  D) Madhya Pradesh
11. Which plant is in danger due to the destruction of evergreen forests?
    A) Tulsi  |  B) Himalayan Yew  |  C) Peepal  |  D) Banyan
12. In which year was the Wildlife (Protection) Act implemented in India?
    A) 1950  |  B) 1972  |  C) 1991  |  D) 2005
13. Patches of 'sacred trees' are called:
    A) Garden  |  B) Sacred Groves  |  C) Nursery  |  D) Farm
14. Munda and Santhal tribes of Chhota Nagpur region worship which trees?
    A) Peepal and Banyan  |  B) Mahua and Kadamba  |  C) Neem and Tulsi  |  D) Mango
15. Where is Bandhavgarh National Park located?
    A) Rajasthan  |  B) Madhya Pradesh  |  C) Assam  |  D) Kerala
16. In which state is the Manas Tiger Reserve?
    A) Meghalaya  |  B) Assam  |  C) West Bengal  |  D) Arunachal Pradesh
17. Which state has the largest area under permanent forests?
    A) Rajasthan  |  B) Madhya Pradesh  |  C) Odisha  |  D) Bihar
18. How many sub-species of flowering plants are found in India?
    A) 10,000  |  B) 47,000 (approx.)  |  C) 1 lakh  |  D) 5,000
19. The Pink-headed duck is in which category?
    A) Normal  |  B) Extinct Species  |  C) Endangered  |  D) Vulnerable
20. Where is the Periyar Tiger Reserve located?
    A) Tamil Nadu  |  B) Kerala  |  C) Karnataka  |  D) Andhra Pradesh
21. Why is Biodiversity important for humans?
    A) It is only for show  |  B) It ensures ecological stability and life support systems  |  C) It provides entertainment  |  D) None of these
22. What is the characteristic of Vulnerable species?
    A) Their number is stable  |  B) Their population has declined and they can become endangered if not protected  |  C) They have become extinct  |  D) None of these
23. Due to what reason is the Buxa Tiger Reserve under serious threat?
    A) Cutting trees  |  B) Dolomite mining  |  C) Tourism  |  D) None of these
24. Due to the Narmada Sagar Project, forests of which state are being submerged?
    A) Gujarat  |  B) Madhya Pradesh  |  C) Maharashtra  |  D) Rajasthan
25. What impact has Deforestation had on tribal people?
    A) They went to cities  |  B) Their cultural and livelihood base has been destroyed  |  C) They became rich  |  D) None of these
26. In which state was the Joint Forest Management (JFM) program first started?
    A) Bihar  |  B) Odisha (1988)  |  C) Kerala  |  D) Punjab
27. Where did the Beej Bachao Andolan start?
    A) Tehri (Uttarakhand)  |  B) Jaipur  |  C) Lucknow  |  D) Chandigarh
28. What is the main difference between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests?
    A) Both are same  |  B) Reserved forests are most valuable, Protected forests protect the land from further depletion  |  C) Protected forests are only in cities  |  D) None of these
29. Why did 5 villages of Alwar district in Rajasthan create 'Bhairovdev Dakav Sonchuri'?
    A) To hunt  |  B) To stop hunting and protect wildlife from outside encroachments  |  C) For farming  |  D) None of these
30. Taxol obtained from Himalayan Yew is used in the treatment of which disease?
    A) Fever  |  B) Cancer  |  C) TB  |  D) Malaria
31. Where is Sundarbans National Park located and why is it famous?
    A) Odisha, for turtles  |  B) West Bengal, for Royal Bengal Tiger  |  C) Assam, for rhinos  |  D) None of these
32. What is the meaning of Endemic Species?
    A) Found all over the world  |  B) Found only in some particular geographical areas  |  C) Can fly  |  D) None of these
33. Why is wildlife decreasing despite India's 'abundant resources'?
    A) Increasing population  |  B) Over-exploitation and habitat destruction  |  C) Pollution  |  D) All of the above
34. What is the role of 'communities' in the conservation of forest and wildlife resources?
    A) They only cut wood  |  B) They have lived with forests for centuries and are traditional protectors of their conservation  |  C) They hunt  |  D) None of these
35. When was the Cheetah declared extinct in India?
    A) 1952  |  B) 1972  |  C) 1990  |  D) 2020
36. What was the main cause of forest destruction during the colonial period?
    A) Tourism  |  B) Expansion of railways and commercialization of agriculture  |  C) Planting trees  |  D) None of these
37. Which forests are called Unclassed Forests?
    A) Only government forests  |  B) Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and communities  |  C) Private gardens  |  D) None of these
38. Why is wildlife conservation necessary?
    A) For beauty  |  B) To maintain ecological balance and survival of species  |  C) For money  |  D) None of these
39. Which trees do the tribes of Odisha and Bihar worship during weddings?
    A) Peepal  |  B) Tamarind and Mango  |  C) Tulsi  |  D) Banyan
40. Due to environmental destruction, which segment of society faces the most difficulty?
    A) Urban people  |  B) Women and poor communities  |  C) Industrialists  |  D) None of these
41. What is the main objective of IUCN's Red Data Book?
    A) To write history  |  B) To keep a record of endangered and threatened species  |  C) To make maps  |  D) None of these
42. What damage does the construction of large dams cause to biodiversity?
    A) No damage  |  B) Vast forest areas are submerged and habitats are destroyed  |  C) Water clears  |  D) None of these
43. Examples of 'Biodiversity Hotspots' in India are:
    A) Desert  |  B) Himalayas and Western Ghats  |  C) Plains  |  D) None of these
44. What is the main difference between a Cheetah and a Leopard?
    A) Color  |  B) Tear-shaped lines from the corner of eyes to the mouth (in Cheetah)  |  C) Length  |  D) None of these
45. Navdanya movement is related to:
    A) White revolution  |  B) Organic farming and conservation of seed diversity  |  C) Saving water  |  D) None of these
46. What religious belief is behind Sacred Groves?
    A) Cutting trees  |  B) Conserving forms of nature in their pristine form where human interference is prohibited  |  C) Only worshiping  |  D) None of these
47. Which organisms were added to the conservation list under the Wildlife Acts of 1980 and 1986?
    A) Only elephants  |  B) Hundreds of butterflies, moths, beetles and dragonfly  |  C) Only fish  |  D) None of these
48. What is common between Narmada Bachao Andolan and Chipko Movement?
    A) Demand for money  |  B) Community resistance and struggle for environmental protection  |  C) War  |  D) None of these
49. In which states of India is the percentage of Reserved Forests highest?
    A) Rajasthan and Punjab  |  B) Jammu & Kashmir, Andhra Pradesh and Kerala  |  C) Uttar Pradesh  |  D) None of these
50. What impact does forest destruction have on 'humus'?
    A) Increases  |  B) Decreases because opportunities for organic matter to rot reduce  |  C) Remains stable  |  D) None of these
51. An example of a Vulnerable species found in India:
    A) Blue sheep  |  B) White elephant  |  C) Pink-headed duck  |  D) Cheetah
52. What are Rare Species?
    A) Species with a small population that may move into the endangered category  |  B) Species that will never end  |  C) Species kept in homes  |  D) None of these
53. Is Jhum cultivation a cause of forest destruction?
    A) No  |  B) Yes (especially in North-East India)  |  C) Don't know  |  D) None of these
54. What is the current approximate number of important tiger reserves under 'Project Tiger' in India?
    A) 5  |  B) More than 50  |  C) 10  |  D) 100
55. Reserved and protected forests are considered what type of property?
    A) Private  |  B) Permanent forest estates (Government property)  |  C) Community  |  D) None of these
56. Besides forest protection, what else did the Chipko movement prove?
    A) Earning money  |  B) Success of community afforestation with indigenous species  |  C) Winning war  |  D) None of these
57. Why does the probability of Drought increase due to forest destruction?
    A) Due to heat  |  B) Due to disruption of water cycle and reduction in soil's water-holding capacity  |  C) Water ends  |  D) None of these
58. What is the importance of Grasslands for wildlife?
    A) For show  |  B) Food and habitat for herbivores  |  C) Cleaning  |  D) None of these
59. What is the place of 'ban on hunting' in the wildlife conservation strategy?
    A) No place  |  B) It is an essential part of restoring species population  |  C) Only show  |  D) None of these
60. Who showed the path of 'non-violence' for environmental protection?
    A) Britishers  |  B) Gandhiji and groups like Chipko movement  |  C) Soldiers  |  D) None of these