3. Water Resources

*नोट: यह सेक्शन रिवीजन के लिए है। अपना ज्ञान परखने के लिए ऊपर दिए गए क्विज़ में भाग लें।

1. How much of the Earth is covered with water?
   A) One-fourth  |  B) Two-fourths  |  C) Three-fourths  |  D) Half
2. What percentage of the world's total water is found in oceans?
   A) 50%  |  B) 71%  |  C) 96.5%  |  D) 90%
3. How much of the world's total freshwater is in glaciers and ice sheets?
   A) 10%  |  B) 50%  |  C) 70%  |  D) 90%
4. What percentage of the world's total precipitation does India receive?
   A) 2%  |  B) 4%  |  C) 10%  |  D) 1%
5. Who called multipurpose projects the 'temples of modern India'?
   A) Mahatma Gandhi  |  B) Jawaharlal Nehru  |  C) Sardar Patel  |  D) Ambedkar
6. On which river basin is the Bhakra Nangal project situated?
   A) Ganga  |  B) Satluj-Beas  |  C) Narmada  |  D) Mahanadi
7. On which river is the Hirakud dam built?
   A) Krishna  |  B) Mahanadi  |  C) Kaveri  |  D) Godavari
8. What are the underground tanks made for rainwater harvesting in semi-arid regions of Rajasthan called?
   A) Well  |  B) Tanka  |  C) Pond  |  D) Baori
9. What is the method of irrigation using bamboo pipes in Meghalaya called?
   A) Canal irrigation  |  B) Bamboo Drip Irrigation  |  C) Sprinkler  |  D) None of these
10. Which Indian state has made rooftop rainwater harvesting mandatory?
    A) Kerala  |  B) Tamil Nadu  |  C) Rajasthan  |  D) Karnataka
11. Why are dams called 'multipurpose'?
    A) They only generate electricity  |  B) They fulfill several purposes like irrigation, electricity, tourism and fishing  |  C) They are beautiful  |  D) None of these
12. What type of resource is water?
    A) Renewable  |  B) Non-renewable  |  C) Exhaustible  |  D) None of these
13. On which river is the Salal Project built?
    A) Jhelum  |  B) Chenab  |  C) Ravi  |  D) Satluj
14. Which dam's opposition started the Narmada Bachao Andolan?
    A) Bhakra Nangal  |  B) Sardar Sarovar Dam  |  C) Tehri Dam  |  D) Hirakud
15. What is the huge body of water created behind a dam called?
    A) Canal  |  B) Reservoir  |  C) Lake  |  D) Pond
16. Between which states is the Krishna-Godavari dispute?
    A) Punjab and Haryana  |  B) Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh  |  C) Rajasthan and Gujarat  |  D) None of these
17. What are the channels made for irrigation in the Western Himalayas called?
    A) Canal  |  B) Guls or Kuls  |  C) Khadin  |  D) Tanka
18. Rainwater is harvested by considering it as:
    A) Normal water  |  B) Palar pani (purest form)  |  C) Dirty water  |  D) None of these
19. On which river is the Nagarjuna Sagar dam located?
    A) Kaveri  |  B) Krishna  |  C) Godavari  |  D) Mahanadi
20. In which state is the Tungabhadra dam located?
    A) Andhra Pradesh  |  B) Karnataka  |  C) Tamil Nadu  |  D) Odisha
21. What is the main cause of Water Scarcity?
    A) Increasing population and unequal distribution of water  |  B) Over-use of water  |  C) Industrialization  |  D) All of the above
22. What is the main argument against multipurpose projects?
    A) They are very expensive  |  B) They regulate natural flow of rivers and obstruct migration of aquatic fauna  |  C) They are not beautiful  |  D) None of these
23. What was the main cause of the Tehri Dam movement?
    A) Lack of money  |  B) Large-scale displacement of local people  |  C) Irrigation problem  |  D) None of these
24. Where are the water harvesting methods Khadin and Johad prevalent?
    A) Kerala  |  B) Rajasthan  |  C) Assam  |  D) Punjab
25. Social consequences of dams include:
    A) Increasing gap between poor and rich  |  B) Displacement  |  C) Inter-state water disputes  |  D) All of the above
26. What is the impact of water pollution from industrial waste?
    A) Improves taste  |  B) Decreases water quality and endangers aquatic life  |  C) Fish increase  |  D) None of these
27. Why is Rainwater Harvesting necessary?
    A) For show  |  B) To raise ground-water level and overcome water shortage  |  C) For cleaning  |  D) None of these
28. Why are dams called 'strangling the river'?
    A) They stop water  |  B) They trap sediment flow making the river bed rockier  |  C) They kill fish  |  D) None of these
29. Why is the 'Tanka' method declining in Rajasthan?
    A) No rain  |  B) Perennial water availability from Indira Gandhi Canal  |  C) People became lazy  |  D) None of these
30. When was the 'National Water Policy' formulated for water resource management?
    A) 1987 (Revised in 2002/2012)  |  B) 1950  |  C) 2020  |  D) 1991
31. In which state is the Koyna Dam?
    A) Gujarat  |  B) Maharashtra  |  C) Karnataka  |  D) Madhya Pradesh
32. What can be a main cause of floods from dams?
    A) Heavy sedimentation in the reservoir  |  B) No rain  |  C) Canal breach  |  D) None of these
33. Multipurpose projects have brought revolution in which sector?
    A) Only agriculture  |  B) Both agriculture and industry (via electricity and water)  |  C) Only tourism  |  D) None of these
34. In rooftop rainwater harvesting, where is the water taken?
    A) River  |  B) To tanks or wells through underground pipes  |  C) Road  |  D) Neighbor's house
35. Why do Inter-state water disputes occur?
    A) Regarding sharing of river water and cost  |  B) Regarding color  |  C) For boating  |  D) None of these
36. Can dams increase the probability of earthquakes?
    A) No  |  B) Yes (due to weight of reservoir - Induced Seismicity)  |  C) Can't say  |  D) Only on mountains
37. Why is per capita availability of water in India continuously decreasing?
    A) Rain has increased  |  B) Population explosion and pollution  |  C) Planting trees  |  D) None of these
38. What is the relation of Swachh Bharat Mission (Grameen) with water?
    A) No relation  |  B) Ensuring safe drinking water and sanitation  |  C) Only cleaning roads  |  D) None of these
39. Have dams always been successful in flood control in plains?
    A) Yes  |  B) No (sometimes they have caused floods during heavy rain)  |  C) Always successful  |  D) None of these
40. What is the benefit of 'Drip Irrigation' for water conservation?
    A) Water saving (reaching roots directly)  |  B) More water consumption  |  C) Increasing weeds  |  D) None of these
41. For what purpose is the country's largest 'rubber dam' on Falgu river (Bihar)?
    A) Farming  |  B) Water availability for tourism and religious bathing  |  C) Fishing  |  D) None of these
42. Narmada Bachao Andolan is an NGO that raised voice against:
    A) Poverty  |  B) Environmental and displacement issues of Sardar Sarovar Dam  |  C) Education  |  D) None of these
43. What example has Gendathur (Karnataka) villagers set in water conservation?
    A) They dug a canal  |  B) Nearly 200 households have adopted rooftop rainwater harvesting  |  C) They don't drink water  |  D) None of these
44. What is the Hydrological Cycle?
    A) Cycling  |  B) Continuous cycle of evaporation, condensation and rain driven by solar energy  |  C) Water tank  |  D) None of these
45. Why is 'displacement' due to dams painful for tribals?
    A) They don't like cities  |  B) They lose their land and livelihood without getting adequate compensation  |  C) They don't want to build houses  |  D) None of these
46. Can water finish despite being a 'renewable' resource?
    A) No  |  B) Yes, if its quality is destroyed by pollution and over-use  |  C) Can't say  |  D) Only saline water
47. Chambal Project is a joint project of which two states?
    A) Punjab and Haryana  |  B) Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh  |  C) Gujarat and Maharashtra  |  D) None of these
48. What problem occurs due to increased 'Sedimentation' in dam reservoirs?
    A) Water clears  |  B) Storage capacity of reservoir reduces and flood risk increases  |  C) Fish increase  |  D) None of these
49. Why is there no water crisis in low rainfall countries like Israel?
    A) Many rivers there  |  B) Due to efficient water management and drip irrigation technology  |  C) Low population there  |  D) None of these
50. What kind of conflict has increased among farmers due to multipurpose projects?
    A) Regarding seeds  |  B) Regarding water availability and priority (Urban vs Rural)  |  C) Regarding tractor  |  D) None of these
51. How many states benefit from the Narmada project?
    A) One  |  B) Four (MP, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Maharashtra)  |  C) Two  |  D) Ten
52. When was the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act passed?
    A) 1974  |  B) 1950  |  C) 1991  |  D) 2010
53. Comparatively, in which type of irrigation is water loss lowest?
    A) Canal  |  B) Drip Irrigation  |  C) Sprinkler irrigation  |  D) Bed
54. Why does the problem of 'Soil Salinization' occur due to dams?
    A) From sunlight  |  B) Due to excessive irrigation  |  C) From fertilizer  |  D) None of these
55. Where is evidence of 'water conservation' found in ancient India?
    A) Dams and lakes built during Chandragupta Maurya's time  |  B) Irrigation systems of Kalinga  |  C) Water harvesting system at Sringaverapura (Allahabad)  |  D) All of the above
56. Why are dams considered 'against the environment'?
    A) They increase oxygen  |  B) They submerge forests and destroy river ecosystems  |  C) They are cold  |  D) None of these
57. What is meant by refilling or ground-water recharge?
    A) Changing pipes  |  B) Sending rainwater back underground through wells or pits  |  C) Filling bottle  |  D) None of these
58. What is the danger of Privatization of water?
    A) Water will be cheap  |  B) Poor people's access to water may reduce and commercial profit will be prioritized  |  C) No danger  |  D) None of these
59. Bamboo drip irrigation system is mainly used by tribes of which state?
    A) Assam  |  B) Meghalaya  |  C) Sikkim  |  D) Nagaland
60. Water is life, what does it mean?
    A) No biological process is possible without water  |  B) Water only quenches thirst  |  C) It is a slogan  |  D) None of these