1. Resources and Development

*नोट: यह सेक्शन रिवीजन के लिए है। अपना ज्ञान परखने के लिए ऊपर दिए गए क्विज़ में भाग लें।

1. What is Agenda 21 related to?
   A) Stopping wars  |  B) Sustainable Development  |  C) Farming  |  D) None of these
2. What is the main cause of Land Degradation in Punjab?
   A) Overgrazing  |  B) Over Irrigation  |  C) Deforestation  |  D) Intensive farming
3. In which state is Terrace cultivation practiced?
   A) Punjab  |  B) Haryana  |  C) Uttarakhand (Hilly area)  |  D) Uttar Pradesh
4. Why is Resource Planning necessary?
   A) For show  |  B) For judicious use of resources  |  C) To earn money  |  D) None of these
5. What percentage of the country's total area is in the form of Mountains?
   A) 43%  |  B) 27%  |  C) 30%  |  D) 10%
6. What is the main cause of Soil Erosion?
   A) Running water  |  B) Wind  |  C) Deforestation  |  D) All of the above
7. What is the color of Arid Soil?
   A) Red and brown  |  B) Blue  |  C) Yellow  |  D) White
8. Who said, 'There is enough for everybody's need and not for anybody's greed'?
   A) Jawaharlal Nehru  |  B) Mahatma Gandhi  |  C) Subhash Chandra Bose  |  D) Ambedkar
9. Everything available in our environment which can be used to satisfy our needs is called:
   A) Machine  |  B) Resources  |  C) Matter  |  D) Object
10. On the basis of origin, resources are classified into how many types?
    A) One  |  B) Two (Biotic and Abiotic)  |  C) Four  |  D) Five
11. Wind energy is which type of resource?
    A) Renewable  |  B) Non-renewable  |  C) Biotic  |  D) None of these
12. Fossil fuels fall under which category?
    A) Renewable  |  B) Non-renewable  |  C) Flow  |  D) None of these
13. Iron ore is which type of resource?
    A) Renewable  |  B) Abiotic and Non-renewable  |  C) Biotic  |  D) Flow
14. What percentage of India's total area is Plains?
    A) 27%  |  B) 30%  |  C) 43%  |  D) 50%
15. What is the other name for Black Soil?
    A) Bangar  |  B) Khadar  |  C) Regur  |  D) Red soil
16. Which soil is most suitable for cotton cultivation?
    A) Alluvial soil  |  B) Red soil  |  C) Black Soil  |  D) Laterite soil
17. What is Old Alluvial soil called?
    A) Khadar  |  B) Bangar  |  C) Regur  |  D) Bhabar
18. What is New Alluvial soil called?
    A) Bangar  |  B) Khadar  |  C) Sandy  |  D) None of these
19. The word 'Laterite' is derived from which language's word 'Later'?
    A) Hindi  |  B) English  |  C) Latin  |  D) French
20. Where was the first International Earth Summit held?
    A) Delhi  |  B) Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)  |  C) New York  |  D) London
21. On the basis of ownership, what type of resource is a 'burial ground'?
    A) Individual  |  B) Community owned  |  C) National  |  D) International
22. Up to how many nautical miles from the coast is the 'Exclusive Economic Zone' (EEZ)?
    A) 100  |  B) 200 nautical miles  |  C) 500  |  D) 12
23. Why is Khadar soil more fertile than Bangar?
    A) It has kankar nodules  |  B) It has fine particles and a new layer is deposited every year  |  C) It is black  |  D) None of these
24. In which states is Black soil mainly found?
    A) Punjab-Haryana  |  B) Maharashtra and Gujarat (Deccan Trap)  |  C) Kerala  |  D) Assam
25. Laterite soil is deficient in which elements?
    A) Iron  |  B) Humus and nutrients (due to leaching)  |  C) Calcium  |  D) None of these
26. The process of blowing away of soil from sloping land by wind is called:
    A) Water erosion  |  B) Wind erosion  |  C) Soil conservation  |  D) None of these
27. What are the badlands in the Chambal basin called?
    A) Bangar  |  B) Ravines  |  C) Regur  |  D) Laterite
28. Development of resources without damaging the environment is called:
    A) Economic development  |  B) Sustainable Development  |  C) Resource exploitation  |  D) None of these
29. What percentage of the total geographical area is desirable to be under Forest?
    A) 21%  |  B) 33% (National Forest Policy)  |  C) 40%  |  D) 50%
30. What is the most important factor in the process of soil formation?
    A) Relief and parent rock  |  B) Climate and time  |  C) Biotic material  |  D) All of the above
31. Why is the color of Red soil red?
    A) Due to humus  |  B) Due to diffusion of iron in crystalline and metamorphic rocks  |  C) Due to water  |  D) Due to sunlight
32. Due to high salt content in Arid soil, what can be manufactured from it?
    A) Sugar  |  B) Common salt (by evaporation)  |  C) Oil  |  D) None of these
33. Methods to stop soil erosion on hilly slopes are:
    A) Terrace farming  |  B) Contour ploughing  |  C) Both A and B  |  D) Overgrazing
34. Which region of India is famous for a particular type of resource but lacks infrastructure?
    A) Solar energy  |  B) Cultural Heritage (Ladakh)  |  C) Iron  |  D) Coal
35. How many countries' representatives participated in the first Earth Summit (1992)?
    A) 50  |  B) More than 100  |  C) 10  |  D) 500
36. Which soil is most suitable for growing Cashew?
    A) Red laterite soil  |  B) Black soil  |  C) Sandy soil  |  D) None of these
37. What is necessary for cultivation in Arid soil?
    A) Only seeds  |  B) Proper irrigation (like Western Rajasthan)  |  C) Sunlight  |  D) None of these
38. What is the process of soil removal and its washing away called?
    A) Soil formation  |  B) Soil Erosion  |  C) Soil conservation  |  D) None of these
39. The Plateau region of India is rich in which resources?
    A) Agriculture  |  B) Minerals, fossil fuels and forests  |  C) Only water  |  D) None of these
40. What problems does the indiscriminate exploitation of resources create?
    A) Depletion of resources  |  B) Ozone layer depletion  |  C) Global warming  |  D) All of the above
41. What is the main difference between Stock and Reserve?
    A) Both are same  |  B) Reserves are the subset of the stock which can be put into use with the help of existing technology  |  C) Reserves are exhausted  |  D) None of these
42. Which concept was introduced by the Brundtland Commission Report?
    A) War  |  B) Sustainable Development  |  C) Population control  |  D) None of these
43. What is meant by Strip Cropping?
    A) Cutting trees  |  B) Growing strips of grass between the crops to break the force of the wind  |  C) Straight ploughing  |  D) None of these
44. On the basis of origin, rocks and metals are which type of resources?
    A) Biotic  |  B) Abiotic  |  C) Flow  |  D) None of these
45. Soil conservation in which area occurs by planting Shelter Belts?
    A) On mountains  |  B) Stabilization of sand dunes and in desert areas  |  C) Near rivers  |  D) None of these
46. Black soil has a high capacity to hold moisture because it is rich in:
    A) Kankar  |  B) Calcium carbonate, magnesium and potash  |  C) Only iron  |  D) Sand
47. What happens due to Gully Erosion?
    A) Soil becomes fertile  |  B) Deep channels are formed making the land unfit for cultivation (Bad land)  |  C) Only water clears  |  D) None of these
48. What is the first step of Resource Planning?
    A) Making a plan  |  B) Identification and inventory of resources across the regions  |  C) Bringing technology  |  D) None of these
49. Which states have the highest percentage of 'Net Sown Area'?
    A) Arunachal Pradesh  |  B) Punjab and Haryana (over 80%)  |  C) Rajasthan  |  D) Bihar
50. What comes under Waste Land?
    A) Rocky, arid and desert areas  |  B) Forest  |  C) Farm  |  D) Garden
51. Availability of resources is a necessary condition for development, but what should accompany it?
    A) Only money  |  B) Technological and institutional changes  |  C) More people  |  D) None of these
52. What was the main objective of the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit?
    A) Increasing trade  |  B) Addressing urgent problems of environmental protection and socio-economic development  |  C) Solving boundary disputes  |  D) None of these
53. How does Red soil look when it occurs in a Hydrated form?
    A) Red  |  B) Yellow  |  C) Blue  |  D) Black
54. In the Western Ghats region, which soil causes erosion (leaching) due to heavy rain?
    A) Alluvial  |  B) Laterite  |  C) Black  |  D) Arid
55. Who is the author of the book 'Small is Beautiful'?
    A) Gandhiji  |  B) Schumacher  |  C) Nehru  |  D) Ambedkar
56. The indiscriminate use of resources has divided the society into which two segments?
    A) Male and female  |  B) Haves and have-nots (Rich and Poor)  |  C) Educated and uneducated  |  D) None of these
57. India has the right to mine which resource from the open ocean beyond the international boundary?
    A) Manganese nodules  |  B) Coal  |  C) Iron  |  D) Gold
58. Alluvial soil has been deposited by which river systems?
    A) Indus, Ganga and Brahmaputra  |  B) Narmada and Tapi  |  C) Only Yamuna  |  D) None of these
59. The characteristic of Forest Soil is that it is _____ in valley sides:
    A) Loamy and Silty  |  B) Sandy  |  C) Stony  |  D) None of these
60. The main cause of environmental degradation is 'unequal distribution of resources', whose statement is this?
    A) Scientists  |  B) Social thinkers (Global environmental concern)  |  C) Soldiers  |  D) None of these