10. Biomolecules

*नोट: यह सेक्शन रिवीजन के लिए है। अपना ज्ञान परखने के लिए ऊपर दिए गए क्विज़ में भाग लें।

1. What are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones known as?
   A) Proteins  |  B) Fats  |  C) Carbohydrates  |  D) Vitamins
2. Which of the following carbohydrates is called 'Blood Sugar'?
   A) Sucrose  |  B) Glucose  |  C) Lactose  |  D) Maltose
3. What is 'Milk Sugar'?
   A) Sucrose  |  B) Glucose  |  C) Lactose  |  D) Maltose
4. What is the chemical name of Vitamin B1?
   A) Ascorbic acid  |  B) Riboflavin  |  C) Thiamine  |  D) Retinol
5. Which of the following cannot be synthesized in the human body?
   A) Enzymes  |  B) DNA  |  C) Vitamins  |  D) Hormones
6. By which bond are amino acids linked together?
   A) Peptide bond  |  B) Glycosidic bond  |  C) Phosphodiester bond  |  D) Hydrogen bond
7. Who proposed the double helix structure of DNA?
   A) Funk  |  B) Har Gobind Khorana  |  C) Watson and Crick  |  D) Schleiden
8. Which of the following vitamins helps in blood clotting?
   A) Vitamin A  |  B) Vitamin B  |  C) Vitamin E  |  D) Vitamin K
9. Glucose is also called 'Dextrose' because it is an .........
   A) Ketohexose  |  B) Aldohexose  |  C) Aldopentose  |  D) Ketopentose
10. The word 'protein' is derived from 'proteios', which belongs to which language?
    A) Arabic  |  B) Greek  |  C) Latin  |  D) Persian
11. Which of the following carbohydrates is not digested in the human digestive system?
    A) Starch  |  B) Cellulose  |  C) Glycogen  |  D) Glucose
12. The hormone insulin controls the metabolism of?
    A) Minerals  |  B) Amino acids  |  C) Glucose  |  D) Fats
13. What is the main function of RNA?
    A) Protein synthesis  |  B) Transfer of genetic information  |  C) DNA formation  |  D) Energy production
14. Paper and cotton clothes are mainly made up of?
    A) Starch  |  B) Cellulose  |  C) Glycogen  |  D) Proteins
15. What is the best source of Vitamin C?
    A) Milk  |  B) Egg  |  C) Amla (Gooseberry)  |  D) Fish
16. Which of the following is not a pyrimidine base?
    A) Adenine  |  B) Uracil  |  C) Thymine  |  D) Cytosine
17. The enzyme that converts maltose into glucose is?
    A) Maltase  |  B) Amylase  |  C) Pepsin  |  D) Zymase
18. What acts as 'messengers' in the body?
    A) Enzymes  |  B) Vitamins  |  C) Hormones  |  D) Proteins
19. What is obtained on the hydrolysis of nucleic acids?
    A) Pentose sugar  |  B) Phosphoric acid  |  C) Nitrogenous base  |  D) All of the above
20. Which two functional groups are mainly present in amino acids?
    A) -CHO, -OH  |  B) -NH2, -COOH  |  C) -CO, -NH2  |  D) -OH, -COOH
21. Which metal is present in Vitamin B12?
    A) Fe  |  B) Zn  |  C) Co  |  D) Mg
22. Which two units are obtained from the hydrolysis of lactose?
    A) Glucose + Glucose  |  B) Glucose + Fructose  |  C) Glucose + Galactose  |  D) Fructose + Galactose
23. Which of the following hormones is secreted by the adrenal medulla during emergencies?
    A) Insulin  |  B) Thyroxine  |  C) Epinephrine  |  D) Cortisone
24. In a nucleotide, phosphoric acid is attached to which carbon of the sugar?
    A) C1  |  B) C2  |  C) C3 and C5  |  D) C5
25. What are the cyclic forms of glucose differing in configuration at C1 called?
    A) Anomers  |  B) Epimers  |  C) Enantiomers  |  D) Zwitter ions
26. Which of the following sugars is a 'Non-reducing sugar'?
    A) Glucose  |  B) Fructose  |  C) Sucrose  |  D) Maltose
27. The pH at which an amino acid does not migrate in an electric field is?
    A) Neutral point  |  B) Isoelectric point  |  C) Critical point  |  D) pKa value
28. Which structure is not destroyed during the denaturation of proteins?
    A) Primary  |  B) Secondary  |  C) Tertiary  |  D) Quaternary
29. Which nitrogenous base is present in RNA instead of thymine?
    A) Cytosine  |  B) Guanine  |  C) Adenine  |  D) Uracil
30. Both strands of DNA are held together by which bond?
    A) Hydrogen bond  |  B) Peptide bond  |  C) Glycosidic bond  |  D) Covalent bond
31. Which group consists of fat-soluble vitamins?
    A) B and C  |  B) A, D, E and K  |  C) Only B  |  D) Only C
32. Which of the following amino acids is not optically active?
    A) Alanine  |  B) Glycine  |  C) Valine  |  D) Lysine
33. What is obtained on heating glucose with HI for a long time?
    A) Gluconic acid  |  B) Saccharic acid  |  C) n-Hexane  |  D) Cyanohydrin
34. The absence of an -OH group on which carbon of the sugar differentiates DNA and RNA?
    A) C1  |  B) C2  |  C) C3  |  D) C5
35. The coagulation of egg white on boiling is an example of?
    A) Synthesis of protein  |  B) Denaturation of protein  |  C) Hydration of protein  |  D) None of these
36. Which group is responsible for the formation of a Zwitter ion?
    A) Only -NH2  |  B) Only -COOH  |  C) Both -NH2 and -COOH  |  D) None
37. Which of the following is a 'Fibrous protein'?
    A) Insulin  |  B) Albumin  |  C) Keratin  |  D) Hemoglobin
38. The mixture of products obtained from the hydrolysis of sucrose is called?
    A) Invert Sugar  |  B) Blood sugar  |  C) Cane sugar  |  D) Non-reducing sugar
39. The hormone thyroxine is a derivative of which element?
    A) Iron  |  B) Magnesium  |  C) Iodine  |  D) Phosphorus
40. The transfer of genetic information from DNA to RNA is called?
    A) Transcription  |  B) Translation  |  C) Replication  |  D) Mutation
41. How many chiral carbon atoms are present in an open chain glucose molecule?
    A) 1  |  B) 2  |  C) 3  |  D) 4
42. The fact that glucose pentaacetate does not react with hydroxylamine indicates?
    A) Absence of free -CHO group  |  B) 6-carbon chain  |  C) 5 -OH groups  |  D) Cyclic structure
43. Determining the unique sequence of DNA bases of an individual is called?
    A) DNA transcription  |  B) DNA fingerprinting  |  C) DNA mutation  |  D) None of these
44. Osteomalacia is caused by the deficiency of which vitamin?
    A) Vitamin A  |  B) Vitamin B12  |  C) Vitamin D  |  D) Vitamin K
45. Which of the following polysaccharides is called 'Animal Starch'?
    A) Cellulose  |  B) Glycogen  |  C) Amylopectin  |  D) Inulin
46. The reaction of glucose with bromine water yields?
    A) n-Hexane  |  B) Gluconic acid  |  C) Saccharic acid  |  D) Cyanohydrin
47. What is the chemical name of Vitamin H?
    A) Retinol  |  B) Thiamine  |  C) Biotin  |  D) Calciferol
48. Which of the following pairs gives a positive test with Tollens' reagent?
    A) Glucose and Fructose  |  B) Glucose and Sucrose  |  C) Sucrose and Fructose  |  D) All of these
49. Which is not obtained from the hydrolysis of DNA?
    A) Thymine  |  B) Uracil  |  C) Deoxyribose sugar  |  D) Phosphoric acid
50. Which of the following hormones helps in uterine contraction during childbirth?
    A) Insulin  |  B) Oxytocin  |  C) Vasopressin  |  D) Estrogen
51. The alpha-helix structure of proteins is stabilized by?
    A) Hydrogen bonds  |  B) Disulfide bonds  |  C) Peptide bonds  |  D) Ionic bonds
52. Which bond exists between sugar and base in a nucleoside?
    A) Peptide  |  B) Glycosidic  |  C) Phosphodiester  |  D) Hydrogen
53. What is yielded by the oxidation of glucose with nitric acid (HNO3)?
    A) Gluconic acid  |  B) Saccharic acid  |  C) n-Hexane  |  D) Glucose pentaacetate
54. Which of the following vitamins cannot be stored in the body?
    A) Vitamin A  |  B) Vitamin B  |  C) Vitamin D  |  D) Vitamin E
55. What kind of biomolecule is insulin?
    A) Carbohydrate  |  B) Protein  |  C) Vitamin  |  D) Nucleic acid
56. Based on the configuration of glyceraldehyde, the correct name for glucose is?
    A) L (+) Glucose  |  B) D (-) Glucose  |  C) D (+) Glucose  |  D) L (-) Glucose
57. Which vitamin deficiency causes the 'Beri-Beri' disease?
    A) Vitamin A  |  B) Vitamin B1  |  C) Vitamin C  |  D) Vitamin D
58. In DNA, the nitrogenous base is attached to which carbon of the sugar?
    A) C1  |  B) C2  |  C) C3  |  D) C5
59. What are the two main components of starch?
    A) Glucose and Fructose  |  B) Amylose and Amylopectin  |  C) Cellulose and Glycogen  |  D) None of these
60. What is the form of an amino acid with a net zero charge called?
    A) Anomer  |  B) Zwitter ion  |  C) Anomeric carbon  |  D) Epimer