2. Human Reproduction

*नोट: यह सेक्शन रिवीजन के लिए है। अपना ज्ञान परखने के लिए ऊपर दिए गए क्विज़ में भाग लें।

1. Where does the process of sperm formation take place in the testis?
   A) Vasa efferentia  |  B) Seminiferous tubules  |  C) Epididymis  |  D) Prostate
2. What is the primary sex organ in males?
   A) Testis  |  B) Penis  |  C) Seminal vesicle  |  D) Scrotum
3. In which part of the sperm are mitochondria found in abundance?
   A) Head  |  B) Neck  |  C) Middle piece  |  D) Tail
4. Ovulation is caused by a sudden surge in which hormone?
   A) FSH  |  B) LH (Luteinizing Hormone)  |  C) Estrogen  |  D) Progesterone
5. In humans, where does fertilization occur in the fallopian tube?
   A) Isthmus  |  B) Ampulla  |  C) Fimbriae  |  D) Cervix
6. The attachment of the embryo to the endometrium is called?
   A) Fertilization  |  B) Cleavage  |  C) Implantation  |  D) Parturition
7. The main antibody found in Colostrum is?
   A) IgG  |  B) IgM  |  C) IgA  |  D) IgE
8. The acrosome of the sperm is formed from?
   A) Ribosome  |  B) Golgi complex  |  C) Nucleus  |  D) Lysosome
9. What is considered the primary sex organ in females?
   A) Uterus  |  B) Ovary  |  C) Vagina  |  D) Mammary glands
10. Which hormone intensifies uterine contractions during parturition?
    A) Relaxin  |  B) Prolactin  |  C) Oxytocin  |  D) Insulin
11. Approximately how many sperms does a normal adult male produce per day?
    A) 10-20 thousand  |  B) 200-300 million  |  C) 1-2 million  |  D) 500
12. The human embryo stage with 8 to 16 blastomeres is called?
    A) Zygote  |  B) Morula  |  C) Blastula  |  D) Gastrula
13. What is the process of sterilization in males called?
    A) Tubectomy  |  B) Vasectomy  |  C) Hysterectomy  |  D) Oophorectomy
14. The process of release of an ovum from the ovary is called?
    A) Oogenesis  |  B) Ovulation  |  C) Menstruation  |  D) Fertilization
15. The innermost layer of the uterus that breaks during the menstrual cycle?
    A) Perimetrium  |  B) Myometrium  |  C) Endometrium  |  D) Epimetrium
16. Structure responsible for exchange of nutrients between embryo and mother is?
    A) Umbilical cord  |  B) Placenta  |  C) Amnion  |  D) Chorion
17. What is the main function of the sperm tail?
    A) Providing energy  |  B) Motility  |  C) Penetrating the egg  |  D) Nutrition
18. Gametes are formed by which type of cell division?
    A) Mitosis  |  B) Meiosis  |  C) Amitosis  |  D) None
19. Main function of Prolactin hormone is?
    A) Ovulation  |  B) Milk production  |  C) Fertilization  |  D) Parturition
20. What is the nature of human semen?
    A) Acidic  |  B) Alkaline  |  C) Neutral  |  D) Highly acidic
21. Assertion (A): Menstrual cycle stops temporarily in breastfeeding women. Reason (R): High levels of prolactin suppress the secretion of gonadotropins (FSH/LH).
    A) Both A and R are true, R is correct explanation  |  B) Both A and R are true, R is not correct explanation  |  C) A is true, R is false  |  D) A is false, R is true
22. Leydig cells secrete?
    A) FSH  |  B) Androgens (Testosterone)  |  C) Progesterone  |  D) Estrogen
23. The main hormone secreted by the Corpus luteum is?
    A) LH  |  B) FSH  |  C) Progesterone  |  D) Estrogen
24. Main function of Sertoli cells is?
    A) Hormone production  |  B) Providing nutrition to sperms  |  C) Sperm release  |  D) Division
25. If fertilization does not occur, the Corpus luteum turns into?
    A) Graafian follicle  |  B) Corpus albicans  |  C) Primary follicle  |  D) Placenta
26. Enzyme in acrosome that dissolves the egg membrane?
    A) Pepsin  |  B) Hyaluronidase  |  C) Amylase  |  D) Lipase
27. Presence of which hormone in urine is used for pregnancy tests?
    A) Progesterone  |  B) hCG  |  C) Estrogen  |  D) LH
28. When does the process of spermatogenesis begin?
    A) At birth  |  B) At Puberty  |  C) In embryonic stage  |  D) In old age
29. When does the process of oogenesis begin?
    A) At puberty  |  B) During embryonic development  |  C) At birth  |  D) At menopause
30. The first diploid cell formed after human fertilization is?
    A) Sperm  |  B) Ovum  |  C) Zygote  |  D) Blastomere
31. Most essential hormone for maintaining pregnancy is?
    A) Progesterone  |  B) Estrogen  |  C) hPL  |  D) Thyroxine
32. Embryonic layer that forms organs in the future?
    A) Ectoderm  |  B) Endoderm  |  C) Mesoderm  |  D) All of the above (Germ layers)
33. Ejection of milk from mammary glands is due to which hormone?
    A) Prolactin  |  B) Oxytocin  |  C) Estrogen  |  D) Progesterone
34. Rupture of the Graafian follicle is called?
    A) Oogenesis  |  B) Ovulation  |  C) Implantation  |  D) Cleavage
35. In which part of the uterus does the embryo develop?
    A) Cervix  |  B) Vagina  |  C) Body of Uterus  |  D) Isthmus
36. Male accessory glands include?
    A) Seminal vesicles  |  B) Prostate  |  C) Bulbourethral  |  D) All of the above
37. Stoppage of the menstrual cycle (around age 50) is called?
    A) Menarche  |  B) Menopause  |  C) Cleavage  |  D) Parturition
38. Correct path of sperm is?
    A) Testis -> Epididymis -> Vas deferens -> Urethra  |  B) Epididymis -> Testis -> Urethra  |  C) Vas deferens -> Testis -> Epididymis  |  D) None
39. Hormone NOT secreted by the placenta is?
    A) hCG  |  B) hPL  |  C) Estrogen  |  D) Insulin
40. Assertion (A): Parturition is a complex neuro-endocrine process. Reason (R): It is based on feedback from oxytocin and uterine contractions.
    A) Both A and R are true  |  B) Only A is true  |  C) Only R is true  |  D) Both false
41. How many functional ova are formed from one primary oocyte?
    A) 1  |  B) 2  |  C) 4  |  D) None
42. Which organ is found only in the male reproductive system?
    A) Bartholin gland  |  B) Cowper's gland (Bulbourethral)  |  C) Mammary gland  |  D) Urethra
43. At what stage is the ovum during ovulation in females?
    A) Egg  |  B) Secondary oocyte  |  C) Oogonia  |  D) Primary oocyte
44. Spermiation is the process in which sperms are released from?
    A) Scrotum  |  B) Seminiferous tubules  |  C) Epididymis  |  D) Vagina
45. Cell size during cleavage?
    A) Increases  |  B) Decreases  |  C) Remains same  |  D) Uncertain
46. Correct order of embryonic development is?
    A) Zygote -> Morula -> Blastula -> Gastrula  |  B) Morula -> Zygote -> Gastrula  |  C) Blastula -> Morula -> Zygote  |  D) None
47. When is Meiosis-II completed in the secondary oocyte?
    A) During ovulation  |  B) At the time of fertilization (sperm entry)  |  C) During implantation  |  D) At birth
48. Structure determining the direction of sperm movement?
    A) Axial filament  |  B) Centriole  |  C) Mitochondria  |  D) Head
49. Which embryonic membrane prevents desiccation?
    A) Chorion  |  B) Allantois  |  C) Amnion  |  D) Yolk sac
50. The outer layer of cells of the blastocyst is called?
    A) Inner cell mass  |  B) Trophoblast  |  C) Ectoderm  |  D) Mesoderm
51. Main reason for the absence of menses (Menstruation) can be?
    A) Stress  |  B) Pregnancy  |  C) Poor health  |  D) All of the above
52. During spermatogenesis, 'Spermiogenesis' means?
    A) Meiotic division  |  B) Transformation of spermatid to sperm  |  C) Formation of spermatogonia  |  D) Release of sperm
53. The start of the first menstrual cycle (at puberty) is called?
    A) Menopause  |  B) Menarche  |  C) Cleavage  |  D) Parturition
54. Average human gestation period is?
    A) 250 days  |  B) 280 days (9 months)  |  C) 300 days  |  D) 365 days
55. Where does the 'Foetal ejection reflex' originate during parturition?
    A) Fully developed fetus and placenta  |  B) Only from mother's uterus  |  C) Pituitary gland  |  D) Ovary
56. In what form are mitochondria arranged in the middle piece of sperm?
    A) Circular  |  B) Spiral (Nebenkern)  |  C) Straight line  |  D) Irregular
57. When is the first polar body formed in oogenesis?
    A) After meiosis-I  |  B) After meiosis-II  |  C) After fertilization  |  D) During cleavage
58. Why are testes located outside the abdominal cavity in the scrotum?
    A) For protection  |  B) To maintain temperature 2-2.5°C lower  |  C) Lack of space  |  D) None
59. Thin membrane covering the vaginal opening is called?
    A) Clitoris  |  B) Hymen  |  C) Labia majora  |  D) Bartholin
60. How many sperms are formed from one primary spermatocyte?
    A) 1  |  B) 2  |  C) 4  |  D) 8