13. Biodiversity and Conservation (Biodiversity and Conservation)

*नोट: यह सेक्शन रिवीजन के लिए है। अपना ज्ञान परखने के लिए ऊपर दिए गए क्विज़ में भाग लें।

1. Who popularized the term Biodiversity?
   A) Alexander von Humboldt  |  B) Edward Wilson  |  C) Charles Darwin  |  D) Ramdeo Misra
2. India has 2.4% land area but what is its share in global species diversity?
   A) 2.4%  |  B) 8.1%  |  C) 12%  |  D) 5%
3. When is World Environment Day celebrated?
   A) April 22  |  B) June 5  |  C) September 16  |  D) December 1
4. Who publishes the Red Data Book for threatened species?
   A) WWF  |  B) IUCN  |  C) UNESCO  |  D) WHO
5. Example of In-situ conservation?
   A) Botanical Garden  |  B) National Parks  |  C) Zoological Park  |  D) Wildlife Safari
6. Method of Ex-situ conservation is?
   A) Biosphere Reserve  |  B) Sacred Grove  |  C) Seed Banks  |  D) National Park
7. Total biodiversity 'Hotspots' identified globally?
   A) 25  |  B) 34  |  C) 10  |  D) 50
8. Where was 'Dodo', extinct from Rwanda/Africa forests, originally from?
   A) Mauritius  |  B) Australia  |  C) Russia  |  D) Africa
9. Species diversity from equator to poles generally:
   A) Increases  |  B) Decreases  |  C) Stays same  |  D) Uncertain
10. Amazon rain forests are called what of the planet?
    A) Kidney  |  B) Lungs  |  C) Heart  |  D) Brain
11. Approx number of National Parks in India currently?
    A) 50  |  B) 106  |  C) 500  |  D) 20
12. Storing seeds at extremely low temperature (-196°C) is?
    A) Drying  |  B) Cryopreservation  |  C) Hybridization  |  D) None
13. Highest species diversity found in which group?
    A) Mammals  |  B) Insects  |  C) Fish  |  D) Birds
14. Most important cause in 'The Evil Quartet' of extinction?
    A) Over-exploitation  |  B) Habitat loss and fragmentation  |  C) Alien species invasion  |  D) Co-extinction
15. Carrot grass (Parthenium) is an example of?
    A) Native species  |  B) Alien species  |  C) Useful grass  |  D) Extinct species
16. In which Indian state are Sacred Groves found?
    A) Meghalaya  |  B) Rajasthan  |  C) Karnataka  |  D) All of the above
17. In which year was the 'Earth Summit' in Rio de Janeiro?
    A) 1992  |  B) 2002  |  C) 1972  |  D) 2012
18. Where was World Summit on Sustainable Development 2002?
    A) Johannesburg  |  B) Paris  |  C) New Delhi  |  D) New York
19. How many Biosphere Reserves are in India?
    A) 10  |  B) 18  |  C) 14  |  D) 25
20. Amphibian diversity in Western Ghats is ________ than Eastern Ghats.
    A) Less  |  B) Greater  |  C) Equal  |  D) Zero
21. Assertion (A): Species diversity is high in tropical regions. Reason (R): Environment is stable and solar energy is abundant here.
    A) Both A and R are true, R is correct explanation  |  B) Both A and R are true, R is not correct explanation  |  C) A is true, R is false  |  D) A is false, R is true
22. Graph of Species-Area relationship is?
    A) Straight line  |  B) Rectangular Hyperbola  |  C) J-shape  |  D) S-shape
23. Who gave the Rivet Popper hypothesis?
    A) Paul Ehrlich  |  B) Wilson  |  C) Humboldt  |  D) Tansley
24. Which fish became extinct on introducing Nile Perch into Lake Victoria?
    A) Catfish  |  B) Cichlid fish  |  C) Rohu  |  D) Shark
25. What is Co-extinction?
    A) Extinction of one species leads to extinction of another associated species  |  B) Two species growing together  |  C) Hunting  |  D) None
26. Assertion (A): Botanical gardens are examples of Ex-situ conservation. Reason (R): Threatened plants are kept outside their natural habitat here.
    A) Both A and R are true, R is correct explanation  |  B) Both A and R are true, R is not correct explanation  |  C) A is true  |  D) R is true
27. India is one of 12 'Mega-diversity' countries because:
    A) High rainfall  |  B) Diverse geography and high species diversity  |  C) High population  |  D) None
28. How is the 6th Episode of extinction different from previous ones?
    A) It is slower  |  B) It is human-caused and 100-1000x faster  |  C) It is natural  |  D) No difference
29. Comes under Narrowly utilitarian argument?
    A) Food and fuel  |  B) Medicine and fiber  |  C) Timber  |  D) All of the above
30. Example of Broadly utilitarian argument?
    A) Pollination  |  B) Aesthetic pleasure  |  C) Oxygen production  |  D) All of the above
31. In log S = log C + Z log A, what does 'Z' represent?
    A) Area  |  B) Regression coefficient (Slope of line)  |  C) Species richness  |  D) None
32. Where did Humboldt observe his hypothesis?
    A) Africa  |  B) South American jungles  |  C) Asia  |  D) Europe
33. Criteria for declaring a Biodiversity Hotspot?
    A) High species richness  |  B) High Endemism  |  C) Habitat loss threat  |  D) All of the above
34. Main reason for Steller’s sea cow extinction?
    A) Habitat fragmentation  |  B) Human over-exploitation  |  C) Alien species  |  D) Co-extinction
35. African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) threatened which fish?
    A) Indigenous catfish  |  B) Cichlid fish  |  C) Dodo  |  D) None
36. Why is species diversity needed for ecosystem stability?
    A) Productivity stays constant  |  B) Resistant to external disturbances  |  C) Both A and B  |  D) No need
37. Assertion (A): Sacred groves are last refuges for rare plants. Reason (R): Religious beliefs forbid cutting trees here.
    A) Both A and R are true  |  B) Only A is true  |  C) Only R is true  |  D) Both false
38. What does Genetic diversity represent?
    A) Diversity of genes within a species  |  B) Diversity between species  |  C) Between ecosystems  |  D) None
39. Examples of Ecosystem diversity in India are?
    A) Deserts and rain forests  |  B) Mangroves and coral reefs  |  C) Wetlands and alpine meadows  |  D) All of the above
40. Active chemical obtained from Rauwolfia vomitoria is?
    A) Insulin  |  B) Reserpine  |  C) Nicotine  |  D) Caffeine
41. How many species have gone extinct according to IUCN Red List (2004)?
    A) 500  |  B) 784  |  C) 1000  |  D) 250
42. Value of 'Z' (Species-Area) on the Tibetan plateau is usually?
    A) 0.1 to 0.2  |  B) 0.6 to 1.2 (very steep)  |  C) 1.5  |  D) 0
43. Approx how many plant species are in Amazon forests?
    A) 10,000  |  B) 40,000  |  C) 1,25,000  |  D) 3,000
44. How many bird species went extinct after humans colonized Pacific islands?
    A) 100  |  B) Over 2000  |  C) 50  |  D) 10
45. What did David Tilman's experiments prove?
    A) Increased diversity increases productivity  |  B) Diversity has no effect  |  C) Insects increase  |  D) None
46. Group of Biodiversity Hotspots in India is?
    A) Western Ghats, Himalaya, Indo-Burma  |  B) Thar Desert, Gangetic plains  |  C) Aravalli, Vindhyachal  |  D) None
47. Exploring molecular and commercial value of plants for future is?
    A) Biopiracy  |  B) Bioprospecting  |  C) Biome  |  D) Biowar
48. Time-related reason for more species in tropics?
    A) No frequent glaciations there  |  B) It's very cold  |  C) Organisms are small  |  D) None
49. Loss rate of biodiversity compared to natural extinction rate?
    A) 2x  |  B) 10x  |  C) 100 to 1000x  |  D) Equal
50. Result of removing a 'Keystone' species from a hypothetical ecosystem?
    A) No effect  |  B) Collapse of entire ecosystem  |  C) Diversity increases  |  D) Temp increases
51. Where are wild animals protected in India where they roam freely?
    A) Zoo  |  B) Wildlife sanctuaries  |  C) Cages  |  D) None
52. Which is NOT a type of ecological ecosystem diversity?
    A) Alpha diversity  |  B) Beta diversity  |  C) Gamma diversity  |  D) Delta diversity
53. Amazon forests provide what percentage of atmospheric oxygen?
    A) 5%  |  B) 10%  |  C) Approx 20%  |  D) 50%
54. Where are the Sacred Groves of Meghalaya located?
    A) Khasi and Jaintia Hills  |  B) Aravalli  |  C) Surguja  |  D) Chanda
55. What percentage of Earth's land is protected as Hotspots?
    A) < 2%  |  B) 10%  |  C) 20%  |  D) 50%
56. Fungi species count is greater than the sum of which groups?
    A) Mammals and birds  |  B) Fish, amphibians, reptiles and mammals  |  C) Plants  |  D) None
57. Plants make up what part of global biodiversity?
    A) 10%  |  B) 22%  |  C) 50%  |  D) 70%
58. Saving endangered species through 'In-vitro' fertilization is example of?
    A) In-situ  |  B) Ex-situ  |  C) Natural  |  D) None
59. Western Ghats are famous for 'Endemism' of which species?
    A) Amphibians  |  B) Mammals  |  C) Viruses  |  D) None
60. Who created 'Traditional Knowledge Digital Library' to prevent Biopiracy?
    A) WHO  |  B) UNESCO  |  C) Govt. of India (CSIR)  |  D) USA