5. Plant Pathology: Definition and Terminology

*नोट: यह सेक्शन रिवीजन के लिए है। अपना ज्ञान परखने के लिए ऊपर दिए गए क्विज़ में भाग लें।

1. What is studied under Plant Pathology?
   A) Insects  |  B) Plant diseases and their control  |  C) Soil  |  D) Harvesting
2. Who is considered the Father of Plant Pathology?
   A) Pasteur  |  B) Anton de Bary  |  C) Fleming  |  D) Mendel
3. Who is the Father of Indian Plant Pathology?
   A) Swaminathan  |  B) E.J. Butler  |  C) Bose  |  D) Sahni
4. Factors causing disease (like fungi, bacteria) are called:
   A) Nutrient  |  B) Pathogen  |  C) Recipient  |  D) Parasite
5. The organism from which a pathogen obtains nutrition is:
   A) Host  |  B) Pathogen  |  C) Carrier  |  D) Insect
6. Rotting of tissues with a foul smell is a symptom of which disease?
   A) Blight  |  B) Soft Rot  |  C) Smut  |  D) Ergot
7. Formation of water-soaked spots on leaves and withering is called:
   A) Mosaic  |  B) Blight  |  C) Gall  |  D) Powdery
8. Formation of fungal net around the seed and rotting is:
   A) Damping off  |  B) Blight  |  C) Smut  |  D) Ergot
9. Fungicides primarily control which group?
   A) Bacteria  |  B) Fungi  |  C) Virus  |  D) Algae
10. How do symptoms appear in Mosaic disease on leaves?
    A) Turning yellow  |  B) Irregular green-yellow patches  |  C) Drying  |  D) Falling
11. Formation of a lump due to excessive growth is called:
    A) Gall  |  B) Canker  |  C) Blight  |  D) Ergot
12. Transmission of plant diseases through air is called:
    A) Soil-borne  |  B) Air-borne  |  C) Seed-borne  |  D) Insect-borne
13. Viruses primarily spread through which agent?
    A) Air  |  B) Vectors (Insect carriers)  |  C) Soil  |  D) Rocks
14. Rotting and falling of a plant organ is called:
    A) Rot  |  B) Gallosis  |  C) Mosaic  |  D) Gall
15. Downward curling of leaves is called:
    A) Leaf Curl  |  B) Blight  |  C) Smut  |  D) Ergot
16. Facultative Parasite means:
    A) Lives only on living things  |  B) Is a saprophyte but becomes a parasite if chance arises  |  C) Lives only in air  |  D) None
17. Who discovered the Bordeaux mixture?
    A) De Bary  |  B) P.M.A. Millardet  |  C) Butler  |  D) Muncker
18. An example of a Bactericide is:
    A) Streptocycline  |  B) Carbendazim  |  C) Mancozeb  |  D) Sulphur
19. Amount of chemical per kg of seed for seed treatment is:
    A) 10 grams  |  B) 2-3 grams  |  C) 100 grams  |  D) 50 grams
20. Example of an Internally seed borne disease is:
    A) Loose smut of wheat  |  B) Groundnut Tikka  |  C) Bajra Ergot  |  D) None
21. The body of a Fungus is made of:
    A) Cell membrane  |  B) Mycelium  |  C) Filament  |  D) None
22. Viruses are chemically composed of:
    A) Protein + Fat  |  B) Nucleic acid + Protein  |  C) Carbohydrate  |  D) Salt
23. Reproduction in Bacteria primarily occurs by:
    A) Spore  |  B) Binary Fission  |  C) Fusion  |  D) None
24. Soil Solarization is effective for which type of disease?
    A) Soil-borne  |  B) Air-borne  |  C) Insect-borne  |  D) None
25. White powdery appearance on leaves is a symptom of:
    A) Downy mildew  |  B) Powdery Mildew  |  C) Blight  |  D) Canker
26. Canker disease is primarily seen where?
    A) On leaf  |  B) Rough spots on stem and fruits  |  C) In root  |  D) In flower
27. Anaerobic organisms are those that:
    A) Live in oxygen  |  B) Survive without oxygen  |  C) Live in water  |  D) In soil
28. What are Bacteriophages?
    A) Viruses that eat bacteria  |  B) A bacterium  |  C) A fungus  |  D) A medicine
29. Example of a Systemic Fungicide is:
    A) Bordeaux  |  B) Carbendazim (Bavistin)  |  C) Sulphur  |  D) Soil
30. Prophylaxis means:
    A) Eradicating disease from roots  |  B) Preventing the pathogen from contacting the host  |  C) Changing soil  |  D) None
31. What is included in the Disease Triangle?
    A) Pathogen, Host and Environment  |  B) Insects, Medicine and Farmer  |  C) Seed, Manure and Water  |  D) Air and Soil
32. An Obligate Parasite is one that:
    A) Lives only on living tissues  |  B) Lives on decayed matter  |  C) Lives in air  |  D) In soil
33. Who discovered Systemic Fungicide?
    A) Schmeling & Kulka (1966)  |  B) Butler  |  C) De Bary  |  D) Pasteur
34. Who discovered Bacteria?
    A) Louis Pasteur  |  B) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek  |  C) Robert Hooke  |  D) Mendel
35. Hypertrophy means:
    A) Increase in cell number  |  B) Abnormal increase in cell size  |  C) Cell death  |  D) None
36. Hyperplasia means:
    A) Increase in size  |  B) Abnormal increase in cell number  |  C) Color change  |  D) Wither
37. What is the benefit of Disease Forecasting?
    A) Reducing production  |  B) Adopting control measures at right time  |  C) Selling seeds  |  D) None
38. Which microorganism lacks a cell wall?
    A) Bacteria  |  B) Phytoplasma  |  C) Fungi  |  D) Algae
39. Who discovered the virus in Tobacco Mosaic?
    A) Ivanovsky  |  B) Beijerinck  |  C) Stanley  |  D) Butler
40. Gram Staining method is for the classification of:
    A) Fungi  |  B) Bacteria  |  C) Virus  |  D) Nematode
41. What does Chlorosis mean?
    A) Reddening of leaves  |  B) Yellowing due to chlorophyll loss  |  C) Formation of lumps  |  D) Wither
42. Necrosis means:
    A) Excessive growth  |  B) Localized death of cells or tissues  |  C) Fast growth  |  D) None
43. What is Agrobacterium used for?
    A) Spreading disease  |  B) Gene transfer (Genetic engineering)  |  C) Killing pests  |  D) Irrigation
44. What is the composition (CuSO4:Lime:Water) of Bordeaux mixture?
    A) 1:1:10  |  B) 5:5:50  |  C) 10:10:100  |  D) None
45. What is a Plasmid?
    A) Extrachromosomal DNA in bacteria  |  B) A virus  |  C) A fungus  |  D) Cell membrane