9. Ray Optics and Optical Instruments
рдЗрд╕ рдкреЗрдЬ рдкрд░ рдЖрдкрдХреЛ 9. Ray Optics and Optical Instruments рдХреЗ рд╕рднреА рдорд╣рддреНрд╡рдкреВрд░реНрдг рдмрд╣реБрд╡рд┐рдХрд▓реНрдкреАрдп рдкреНрд░рд╢реНрди (MCQ), рдкрд░реАрдХреНрд╖рд╛ рдЙрдкрдпреЛрдЧреА рдиреЛрдЯреНрд╕ рдФрд░ рдСрдирд▓рд╛рдЗрди рдХреНрд╡рд┐рдЬрд╝ рдорд┐рд▓реЗрдВрдЧреЗред рдЕрдкрдиреЗ рдЬреНрдЮрд╛рди рдХрд╛ рдкрд░реАрдХреНрд╖рдг рдХрд░рдиреЗ рдФрд░ рдмреЛрд░реНрдб/рдкреНрд░рддрд┐рдпреЛрдЧреА рдкрд░реАрдХреНрд╖рд╛ рдореЗрдВ рд╢рдд-рдкреНрд░рддрд┐рд╢рдд рдЕрдВрдХ рдкреНрд░рд╛рдкреНрдд рдХрд░рдиреЗ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдиреАрдЪреЗ рджрд┐рдП рдЧрдП рдореЙрдХ рдЯреЗрд╕реНрдЯ рдореЗрдВ рдЕрд╡рд╢реНрдп рднрд╛рдЧ рд▓реЗрдВред
ЁЯСЙ рдЕрдзреНрдпрд╛рдп рдХрд╛ рд╕рд╛рд░рд╛рдВрд╢ (Summary)
Dear students, in this chapter, we will deeply study 1 of the most visually stunning, practical, and highly fascinating branches of physics that literally helps us see the entire beautiful world around us: 'Ray Optics and Optical Instruments'. In the previous chapters, we deeply studied electromagnetic waves and scientifically learned that visible light is exactly 1 specific type of electromagnetic wave. However, in this specific chapter, we will completely ignore the wave nature of light and strictly consider it as 1 straight ray. This highly simplified geometric approach perfectly helps us mathematically understand how light interacts with 1 mirror or 1 glass lens to form sharp images.
Instead of just cramming complex mathematical formulas in closed books, if we logically connect physics with our daily life, it feels extremely magical. Have you ever thought deeply about how the small rearview mirror of your father's car successfully shows 1 wide view of the massive traffic behind you? Or how exactly 1 thick glass prism mathematically splits ordinary white sunlight into 7 beautiful brilliant colors, exactly creating 1 natural rainbow in the sky after heavy rain? This is no magic trick, but it is 100 percent the scientific marvel of the reflection and refraction of light. Furthermore, the massive high-speed 5G internet connection reaching your smartphone today strictly relies on Total Internal Reflection (TIR). Millions of data packets perfectly travel across oceans through extremely thin glass optical fibers without losing even 1 single drop of signal energy.
From the strict perspective of the upcoming NCERT and RBSE board exams, this specific chapter of physics is highly scoring and extremely important for your 100 percent success. In the board exams, not only direct theoretical questions are asked from this massive chapter, but excellent analytical, numerical, and heavy derivation-based questions on the Lens Maker's Formula, Prism Formula, and Total Internal Reflection definitely appear in the final exam paper every single year without fail. In this highly exciting journey, we will 1st study the exact mathematical laws of reflection using spherical mirrors, specifically concave and convex mirrors. We will mathematically calculate exact image distances using the standard mirror formula and deeply understand linear magnification.
Moving 1 little further in the chapter, we will logically analyze the fascinating phenomenon of Refraction, where light perfectly bends when traveling from 1 transparent medium to another, like from air to water. We will deeply study Snell's Law and the critical concept of the refractive index. After this, we will deeply study the highly important derivations for refraction at spherical surfaces and beautifully derive the Lens Maker's Formula. Understanding how exactly 1 convex lens converges light while 1 concave lens diverges it is 100 percent necessary to solve heavy numericals.
Finally, we will deeply understand the sensitive construction, precise ray diagrams, and exact magnifying power of various Optical Instruments. We will logically study how 1 Simple Microscope, 1 Compound Microscope, and massive Astronomical Telescopes are strictly constructed using combinations of 2 or more lenses to perfectly magnify microscopic bacteria or heavily distant planets. To perfectly ensure your excellent and 100 percent strong preparation, we have meticulously selected and prepared completely accurate, high-level, and highly exam-useful objective questions (MCQs) from all these complex topics. By continuously practicing again and again, you will surely learn critical time management and massively increase your speed of solving complex numerical questions without making even 1 single mistake.
Feature: This is 1 3-Level based unique quiz. To unlock the next level (Level 2 and 3), students must score at least 70% in the current level, making their board exam preparation 100% strong.
рдорд╣рддреНрд╡рдкреВрд░реНрдг рдкреНрд░рд╢реНрди (Important Questions)
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*рдиреЛрдЯ: рдпрд╣ рд╕реЗрдХреНрд╢рди рд░рд┐рд╡реАрдЬрди рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рд╣реИред рдЕрдкрдирд╛ рдЬреНрдЮрд╛рди рдкрд░рдЦрдиреЗ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдКрдкрд░ рджрд┐рдП рдЧрдП рдХреНрд╡рд┐рдЬрд╝ рдореЗрдВ рднрд╛рдЧ рд▓реЗрдВред
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Relation between focal length (f) and radius (R)?
A) f = R | B) f = R/2 | C) f = 2R | D) f = R┬▓ -
SI unit of Power of lens?
A) Meter | B) Watt | C) Dioptre | D) Candela -
Blue color of sky is due to?
A) Reflection | B) Refraction | C) Scattering | D) Diffraction -
Least distance of distinct vision for healthy eye?
A) 10 cm | B) 25 cm | C) 50 cm | D) Infinity -
Twinkling of stars is due to?
A) Atmospheric refraction | B) Reflection | C) TIR | D) Dispersion -
Mirror used for rear view in vehicles?
A) Concave | B) Convex | C) Plane | D) Parabolic -
Splitting of white light into colors is?
A) Refraction | B) Reflection | C) Dispersion | D) Scattering -
Refractive index of water w.r.t. air is approx?
A) 1.0 | B) 1.33 | C) 1.5 | D) 2.42 -
Sparkling of diamond is due to?
A) Reflection | B) TIR | C) Diffraction | D) None -
Lens Formula is?
A) 1/f = 1/v - 1/u | B) 1/f = 1/v + 1/u | C) f = v + u | D) 1/f = v/u -
Lens used in simple microscope?
A) Concave | B) Convex | C) Cylindrical | D) Bifocal -
Cause of Rainbow formation:
A) Dispersion | B) Refraction | C) TIR | D) All of the above -
Ratio of speed of light in vacuum to medium is?
A) Refractive Index | B) Reflectance | C) Dispersive power | D) None -
Light color with minimum speed in glass?
A) Red | B) Violet | C) Green | D) Yellow -
Mirror Formula is?
A) 1/f = 1/v + 1/u | B) 1/f = 1/v - 1/u | C) f = uv | D) None -
Necessary condition for Total Internal Reflection (TIR):
A) Light Rare to Dense | B) Light Dense to Rare | C) Incidence > Critical angle | D) B and C both -
Focal length of convex lens for red light compared to violet:
A) More | B) Less | C) Same | D) Zero -
Mirage formation is example of?
A) Refraction | B) Diffraction | C) TIR | D) Scattering -
To increase magnification of compound microscope:
A) Increase fтВА | B) Decrease fтВА | C) Only increase fтВС | D) None -
Final image in Astronomical Telescope is:
A) Real & Erect | B) Virtual & Inverted | C) Virtual & Erect | D) Real & Inverted -
Optical Fiber works on principle of?
A) Refraction | B) TIR | C) Reflection | D) Scattering -
Lens Maker Formula is:
A) 1/f = (n-1)(1/R1 - 1/R2) | B) 1/f = (n-1)(1/R1 + 1/R2) | C) f = nR | D) None -
Angle of deviation (Delta) in prism depends on:
A) Angle of incidence | B) Prism angle | C) Refractive index | D) All of the above -
Two thin lenses (f1, f2) in contact, equivalent power P is:
A) P1 + P2 | B) P1 - P2 | C) P1 x P2 | D) 1/P1 + 1/P2 -
Image by concave mirror is virtual when object is:
A) At infinity | B) At C | C) Between P and F | D) At F -
Rayleigh scattering intensity (I) is proportional to:
A) ╬╗ | B) ╬╗┬▓ | C) 1/╬╗тБ┤ | D) ╬╗тБ┤ -
Red appearance of sun at sunrise is due to:
A) Less scattering | B) More scattering (of blue) | C) TIR | D) Diffraction -
Negative (-) power of lens means:
A) Convex | B) Concave | C) Plane | D) None -
Resolving limit of healthy eye is approx:
A) 1 minute | B) 1 degree | C) 1 second | D) 10 minutes -
Which mirror has the largest Field of View?
A) Plane | B) Concave | C) Convex | D) All same -
f = 20cm (convex). Power will be?
A) 5 D | B) -5 D | C) 2 D | D) 0.05 D -
Object at 10cm from concave mirror, image at 20cm. f is?
A) -6.67 cm | B) -30 cm | C) -15 cm | D) -5 cm -
n = тИЪ2 for dense medium. Critical angle w.r.t. air is?
A) 30┬░ | B) 45┬░ | C) 60┬░ | D) 90┬░ -
Focal length of glass lens (n=1.5) on immersing in water (n=1.33):
A) Increases | B) Decreases | C) Same | D) Zero -
Prism angle 60┬░, min deviation 30┬░. n is?
A) 1.5 | B) 1.414 (тИЪ2) | C) 1.732 | D) 1.33 -
+2D and -1D lenses in contact. Combined focal length?
A) 1 m | B) 2 m | C) 0.5 m | D) 100 m -
Color with minimum critical angle from glass to air:
A) Red | B) Green | C) Yellow | D) Violet -
Object at 30cm from 15cm convex lens. Image distance?
A) 15 cm | B) 30 cm | C) 60 cm | D) Infinity -
Compound microscope m1=10, m2=5. Total magnification?
A) 15 | B) 50 | C) 2 | D) 0.5 -
Lateral shift depends on:
A) Thickness of slab | B) Refractive index | C) Angle of incidence | D) All of the above -
L = fo + fe. If fo=100cm, fe=5cm, then L is?
A) 95 cm | B) 105 cm | C) 500 cm | D) 20 cm -
Linear magnification (m) formula for lens:
A) v/u | B) -v/u | C) u/v | D) f/v -
Diver sees world in circular horizon due to:
A) Refraction | B) Reflection | C) TIR | D) Diffraction -
If retina is damaged, where will image form?
A) Behind retina | B) In front | C) Nowhere | D) None -
Mean color in white light spectrum is:
A) Green | B) Yellow | C) Red | D) Blue
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