4. d-and f-Block Elements
इस पेज पर आपको 4. d-and f-Block Elements के सभी महत्वपूर्ण बहुविकल्पीय प्रश्न (MCQ), परीक्षा उपयोगी नोट्स और ऑनलाइन क्विज़ मिलेंगे। अपने ज्ञान का परीक्षण करने और बोर्ड/प्रतियोगी परीक्षा में शत-प्रतिशत अंक प्राप्त करने के लिए नीचे दिए गए मॉक टेस्ट में अवश्य भाग लें।
👉 अध्याय का सारांश (Summary)
Dear students, in this chapter, we are going to explore one of the most colorful and industrially significant sections of the periodic table: The d- and f-Block Elements. Positioned right in the center of the periodic table between the s-block and p-block, these elements act as a bridge, which is why the d-block elements are famously known as Transition Elements. Their unique ability to fill their inner d-orbitals gives rise to fascinating physical and chemical properties that shape the world around us.
To understand this science beyond the pages of your textbook, just look at the world around you. Have you ever wondered why gold and silver have been the ultimate choice for jewelry for centuries? Or why iron is the backbone of every massive bridge and skyscraper? Even within our own bodies, the hemoglobin that carries oxygen in our blood is centered around iron, a transition metal. When you see vibrant fireworks lighting up the sky with brilliant colors, you are witnessing the magic of electronic transitions in these very elements. This chapter is not just about symbols and numbers; it is about the metals that build our civilization.
From the perspective of your upcoming NCERT and RBSE board exams, this chapter is a golden opportunity to score high marks. Unlike other chapters that require heavy calculations, this one demands a deep logical understanding of trends and reasoning. We will start our journey by understanding the electronic configuration of d-block elements and why they exhibit variable oxidation states. We will analyze why these metals are so hard, have high melting points, and possess a distinct metallic luster. A major focus will be on their ability to form colored ions and act as exceptional catalysts in industrial chemical reactions.
Moving further, we will investigate the magnetic properties of these elements, calculating magnetic moments using the spin-only formula. You will learn about the formation of interstitial compounds and alloys—like the stainless steel in your kitchen, which is a clever mix of iron, chromium, and nickel designed to resist rust. The second part of the chapter introduces the f-block elements, or Inner Transition Elements, divided into Lanthanoids and Actinoids. We will pay special attention to 'Lanthanoid Contraction,' a favorite topic for board examiners. This phenomenon explains why the atomic sizes of elements in the third transition series are nearly identical to those in the second, leading to significant chemical consequences.
We will also study the preparation and oxidizing properties of important compounds like Potassium Dichromate and Potassium Permanganate, which you frequently use during titrations in your chemistry lab. To ensure your preparation is flawless, we have curated these precise, exam-oriented multiple-choice questions. They are designed to sharpen your analytical skills and boost your speed and accuracy for the final exams.
Feature: This is a unique 3-Level based quiz. To unlock the next level (Level 2 and 3), students must score at least 70% in the current level, which makes their board exam preparation 100% strong.
अध्याय के सभी प्रश्न (Revision Notes)
*नोट: यह सेक्शन रिवीजन के लिए है। अपना ज्ञान परखने के लिए ऊपर दिए गए क्विज़ में भाग लें।
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Transition elements are also known as?
A) s-block | B) p-block | C) d-block | D) f-block -
The general electronic configuration of transition elements is?
A) (n-1)d⁵ | B) (n-1)d¹⁻¹⁰ ns⁰⁻² | C) (n-1)d⁰⁻¹⁰ ns¹ | D) None -
Which of the following is not a transition series element?
A) Iron | B) Chromium | C) Magnesium | D) Nickel -
Which element is in liquid state at room temperature?
A) Zinc | B) Mercury | C) Iron | D) Silver -
The general electronic configuration of lanthanides is?
A) 4f¹⁻¹⁴ 5d⁰⁻¹ 6s² | B) (n-2)f¹⁰⁻¹⁴ (n-1)f⁰ ns² | C) (n-2)f⁰⁻¹⁴ (n-1)d¹⁰ ns² | D) None -
Which has the largest atomic size in the 3d series?
A) Mn | B) Sc | C) Cu | D) Fe -
An example of a coinage metal is?
A) Zn | B) Ag | C) Cr | D) W -
Which is the last element of the 5d series?
A) Zn | B) Cn | C) Hg | D) Cd -
The last electron of the lanthanide series is filled in which subshell?
A) 3d | B) 4f | C) 5f | D) 3p -
What is the oxidation number of Nickel (Ni) in Ni(CO)4?
A) 1 | B) 0 | C) 4 | D) 8 -
The main reason for transition element ions being colored is?
A) d-d transition | B) Shielding effect | C) Nuclear charge | D) Ionization energy -
What is the structure of chromate ion (CrO4²⁻)?
A) Trigonal planar | B) Tetrahedral | C) Square planar | D) Pyramidal -
The main cause of magnetic properties in transition metals is?
A) Shielding effect | B) Unpaired electrons | C) d-d transition | D) Lanthanide contraction -
Which is used as a catalyst in Haber's process for ammonia synthesis?
A) Zn powder | B) Cu powder | C) Fe powder | D) Mo powder -
Which has the lowest melting point in the 3d series?
A) Cu | B) Sc | C) Mn | D) Zn -
The common oxidation state in the first transition series is?
A) +2 | B) +3 | C) +4 | D) All -
Which d-block element does not show +1 oxidation state?
A) Cu | B) Cr | C) Zn | D) Ag -
What is the oxidation state of Mn in Potassium permanganate (KMnO4)?
A) +5 | B) +6 | C) +7 | D) +4 -
Which metal is called a 'Strategic Metal'?
A) Fe | B) Cu | C) Ti | D) Al -
f-block elements are known as?
A) Representative elements | B) Inner transition elements | C) Alkaline earth metals | D) Noble gases -
In which configuration does a transition metal ion show the highest magnetic moment?
A) 3d⁵ | B) 3d² | C) 3d⁷ | D) 3d⁹ -
Zn²⁺ ion is isoelectronic with?
A) Cu⁺ | B) Cu²⁺ | C) Ni²⁺ | D) Fe²⁺ -
Which oxidation state is most common for lanthanoids?
A) +2 | B) +3 | C) +4 | D) +5 -
The main reason for similarity in physical properties of Zr and Hf is?
A) Being d-block | B) Same number of electrons | C) Similar atomic radii | D) Being in the same group -
Why is Cu⁺ ion unstable in aqueous solution?
A) Shielding effect | B) High hydration energy | C) Atomization energy | D) Electronic configuration -
What is responsible for the catalytic properties of transition metals?
A) Variable valency | B) Availability of vacant d-orbitals | C) Unpaired electrons | D) All of the above -
As the oxidation number increases, the acidic nature of oxides?
A) Decreases | B) Increases | C) Remains constant | D) Becomes zero -
Why is Ti⁴⁺ more stable than Ti³⁺?
A) Due to stable [Ar] configuration | B) Hydration energy | C) Due to IE | D) Shielding effect -
The outermost electronic configuration of Chromium (Cr) is?
A) 3d⁴ 4s² | B) 3d⁵ 4s¹ | C) 3d⁶ 4s⁰ | D) 3d⁵ 4s² -
Which is true for Interstitial compounds?
A) They are very hard | B) They have high melting points | C) They retain metallic conductivity | D) All of the above -
Which metal is mainly present in 'Mischmetal' alloy?
A) Transition metal | B) Lanthanoid metal | C) Alkaline earth metal | D) Alkali metal -
The magnetic moment (in BM) of Mn²⁺ ion will be approximately?
A) 1.73 | B) 2.84 | C) 4.90 | D) 5.92 -
The equivalent weight of K2Cr2O7 in acidic medium will be?
A) M/2 | B) M/6 | C) M/3 | D) M/1 -
The color of potassium permanganate is due to?
A) d-d transition | B) L-M charge transfer | C) f-f transition | D) Shielding effect -
Which transition metal can have the highest oxidation state of +8?
A) Mn | B) Os | C) Fe | D) Cr -
The reason for actinides showing a larger range of oxidation states is?
A) Small energy difference between 5f, 6d and 7s levels | B) Small size | C) More electrons | D) Nuclear charge -
How is the Sc³⁺ ion in aqueous solution?
A) Colored | B) Colorless | C) Diamagnetic | D) Colorless and diamagnetic -
Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) is a strong?
A) Reducing agent | B) Oxidizing agent | C) Catalyst | D) Salt -
Why is the enthalpy of atomization of transition metals high?
A) Few unpaired electrons | B) Many unpaired electrons | C) Small size | D) High ionization potential -
Lanthanide contraction affects which elements?
A) 3d series | B) 4d series | C) 5d series | D) Alkali metals -
The number of unpaired electrons in Fe²⁺ (Z=26) is?
A) 3 | B) 4 | C) 5 | D) 6 -
The atomic number of the element with configuration [Ar]3d⁵ in +3 oxidation state is?
A) 25 | B) 26 | C) 27 | D) 24 -
What will be the 'spin-only' magnetic moment of Cr³⁺ ion?
A) 2.87 BM | B) 3.87 BM | C) 4.47 BM | D) 5.57 BM -
The reason for the size of 4d series elements being equal to 5d series is?
A) Atomization enthalpy | B) Lanthanide contraction | C) Ionization enthalpy | D) Shielding effect -
What is the acidic/basic nature of Mn2O7?
A) Acidic | B) Basic | C) Amphoteric | D) Neutral -
The Cr-O-Cr bond angle in dichromate ion (Cr2O7²⁻) is approximately?
A) 109° | B) 126° | C) 180° | D) 90° -
The number of unpaired electrons in Mn in K2[MnCl4] complex is?
A) 5 | B) 4 | C) 3 | D) 0 -
What is the oxidation number of Chromium in Cr2O7²⁻?
A) +5 | B) +2 | C) +6 | D) +7 -
Which of the following is the strongest oxidizing agent?
A) MnO | B) Mn2O7 | C) MnO2 | D) CrO -
Which halide of copper is not known?
A) CuI2 | B) CuCl2 | C) CuF2 | D) CuBr2 -
Which of the following ions is diamagnetic?
A) Cr²⁺ | B) V²⁺ | C) Sc³⁺ | D) Ti³⁺ -
The electronic configuration of Cu²⁺ (Z=29) is?
A) [Ar]3d⁹ | B) [Ar]3d¹⁰ 4s¹ | C) [Ar]3d⁸ 4s² | D) [Ar]3d⁷ 4s² -
Which pair has similar atomic radii due to lanthanide contraction?
A) Zr-Hf | B) Ti-Zr | C) Nb-Ta | D) Both A and C -
The equivalent weight of KMnO4 in acidic medium is?
A) M/5 | B) M/3 | C) M/1 | D) M/2 -
V2O5 is used as a catalyst in which process?
A) Ostwald process | B) Contact process | C) Haber process | D) Deacon's process -
Why do actinides show more oxidation states compared to lanthanides?
A) 4f and 5d energy levels are same | B) Less energy difference between 5f and 6d levels | C) 7s orbital is larger | D) Nuclear attraction is less -
The correct pair of colored ions is?
A) Cu⁺, Sc³⁺ | B) Ti⁴⁺, Zn²⁺ | C) Cr³⁺, Fe²⁺ | D) Sc³⁺, Ti⁴⁺ -
The number of unpaired electrons and magnetic moment in Fe³⁺ ion will be?
A) 4, 4.90 BM | B) 5, 5.92 BM | C) 3, 3.87 BM | D) 0, 0 BM -
Which gas is liberated on heating potassium dichromate?
A) O2 | B) CrO3 | C) K2CrO4 | D) None -
Permanganate ion (MnO4⁻) gets reduced to what in acidic medium?
A) Mn⁴⁺ | B) Mn²⁺ | C) Mn⁶⁺ | D) MnO2
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