3. Irrigation

*नोट: यह सेक्शन रिवीजन के लिए है। अपना ज्ञान परखने के लिए ऊपर दिए गए क्विज़ में भाग लें।

1. Why do plants need water?
   A) For photosynthesis  |  B) For temperature control  |  C) For nutrient transport  |  D) All of the above
2. In which part of Rajasthan is irrigation by canals maximum?
   A) Southern  |  B) Northern (Ganganagar, Hanumangarh)  |  C) Eastern  |  D) Western
3. What is applying fertilizer along with irrigation water called?
   A) Herbigation  |  B) Fertigation  |  C) Chemigation  |  D) None
4. Artificially applying water to plants as per requirement is called:
   A) Rainfall  |  B) Irrigation  |  C) Drainage  |  D) Leaching
5. What is the oldest and most common method of irrigation?
   A) Drip  |  B) Surface Irrigation  |  C) Sprinkler  |  D) Sub-surface
6. The most important Critical Stage for irrigation in wheat is:
   A) Flowering  |  B) Crown Root Initiation (C.R.I.)  |  C) Milking stage  |  D) Ripening
7. In which country was the Drip Irrigation method invented?
   A) India  |  B) Israel  |  C) USA  |  D) China
8. Which irrigation method is most suitable for light and sandy soils?
   A) Bed method  |  B) Sprinkler Irrigation  |  C) Flooding  |  D) Furrow method
9. At what pressure is water applied in Drip Irrigation?
   A) 1-2 kg/cm²  |  B) 10-15 kg  |  C) 50 kg  |  D) Zero
10. What is the best method of irrigation for fruit trees?
    A) Drip or Basin method  |  B) Bed  |  C) Flooding  |  D) Sprinkler
11. What is the unit for measuring irrigation water?
    A) Liter  |  B) Cusec or Cumec  |  C) Meter  |  D) Pascal
12. What is the water content in plants?
    A) 10-20%  |  B) 80-90%  |  C) 50%  |  D) 5%
13. Which instrument is used to measure soil moisture?
    A) Lactometer  |  B) Tensiometer  |  C) Barometer  |  D) Thermometer
14. The 'Furrow Method' of surface irrigation is suitable for:
    A) Wheat  |  B) Sugarcane and Potato  |  C) Paddy  |  D) Pearl millet
15. In what form does water fall in Sprinkler Irrigation?
    A) As a stream  |  B) As artificial Rainfall  |  C) Drip by drip  |  D) None
16. What is the Water Requirement of wheat?
    A) 200-300 mm  |  B) 450-650 mm  |  C) 1000-1500 mm  |  D) 50 mm
17. How much water is saved by the Drip Irrigation method?
    A) 10-20%  |  B) 50-70%  |  C) More than 90%  |  D) 0%
18. What is the water availability at Field Capacity?
    A) 0%  |  B) 50%  |  C) 100%  |  D) 25%
19. What is the advantage of the 'Sub-surface' irrigation method?
    A) Reduced evaporation  |  B) Reduced weeds  |  C) Both A and B  |  D) No advantage
20. What is the critical stage of irrigation in Groundnut?
    A) Flowering  |  B) Pegging stage  |  C) Ripening  |  D) Germination
21. Applying herbicide along with irrigation water is called:
    A) Fertigation  |  B) Herbigation  |  C) Insectigation  |  D) None
22. What is the limitation of the Check Basin method?
    A) Obstruction in farm operations  |  B) High labor  |  C) Both A and B  |  D) Water saving
23. Which is the critical stage of irrigation in Maize?
    A) CRI  |  B) Tasseling and Silking  |  C) Ripening  |  D) None
24. Water used by plants is called:
    A) Gravitational water  |  B) Capillary water  |  C) Hygroscopic water  |  D) Zero water
25. What is observed in the 'Plant Indicator' method of irrigation scheduling?
    A) Soil moisture  |  B) Wilting or color change of plant leaves  |  C) Sky  |  D) Wind
26. Where in Rajasthan is maximum irrigation done by wells and tube-wells?
    A) Bikaner  |  B) Jaipur and Bharatpur divisions  |  C) Kota  |  D) Udaipur
27. Which irrigation method has the minimum water loss?
    A) Bed  |  B) Drip Irrigation  |  C) Furrow  |  D) Flooding
28. What is the formula for Water Requirement (WR)?
    A) WR = ET + WP + IW  |  B) WR = ET + amount for special operations  |  C) WR = Irrigation + Rainfall  |  D) None
29. Effect of saline water irrigation on soil:
    A) Soil becomes fertile  |  B) Soil becomes saline and degraded  |  C) No effect  |  D) Soil becomes soft
30. Who gave the 'IW/CPE' ratio method for irrigation timing?
    A) Swaminathan  |  B) Parihar et al.  |  C) Mendel  |  D) Howard
31. At what Tension is water available to plants?
    A) 0 to -31 atm  |  B) -1/3 to -15 bar  |  C) 100 bar  |  D) Zero
32. What is the soil tension at Permanent Wilting Point (PWP)?
    A) -1/3 bar  |  B) -15 bar  |  C) -31 bar  |  D) -100 bar
33. What is the function of an 'Emitter' in drip irrigation?
    A) Stop water  |  B) Release specific quantity of water drop by drop  |  C) Increase pressure  |  D) None
34. The main measure to increase Irrigation Efficiency is:
    A) Open irrigation  |  B) Lined channels and advanced methods (Drip/Sprinkler)  |  C) Applying more water  |  D) None
35. What is the Water Requirement of Rice?
    A) 500 mm  |  B) 900-2500 mm  |  C) 200 mm  |  D) 5000 mm
36. When should Sprinkler Irrigation not be used?
    A) In sandy soil  |  B) During high winds  |  C) In undulating land  |  D) In light soil
37. In WR = E + T + GW + WM, what does 'E' represent?
    A) Irrigation  |  B) Evaporation  |  C) Temperature  |  D) Energy
38. What is the water requirement of Sugarcane?
    A) 500 mm  |  B) 1500-2500 mm  |  C) 100 mm  |  D) 3000 mm
39. How is water distribution in the Check Basin method?
    A) Uneven  |  B) Uniform  |  C) Only in center  |  D) None
40. Applying 'insecticide' along with irrigation water is called:
    A) Fertigation  |  B) Insectigation  |  C) Herbigation  |  D) None
41. What is the Water Use Efficiency (WUE) of the Drip Irrigation method?
    A) 10%  |  B) 30%  |  C) 90-95%  |  D) 50%
42. One Cusec of water is equal to how many liters per second?
    A) 10 liters  |  B) 28.3 liters/sec  |  C) 100 liters  |  D) 1000 liters
43. Used to measure 'Water Potential' in plants:
    A) Tensiometer  |  B) Pressure Chamber  |  C) Lactometer  |  D) None
44. In IW/CPE method, IW stands for:
    A) Irritation water  |  B) Irrigation water (depth applied)  |  C) Inverse water  |  D) None
45. Best irrigation method for undulating land:
    A) Bed  |  B) Sprinkler  |  C) Flooding  |  D) Furrow