1. Agronomy, Soil and Seed

*नोट: यह सेक्शन रिवीजन के लिए है। अपना ज्ञान परखने के लिए ऊपर दिए गए क्विज़ में भाग लें।

1. The word 'Agronomy' is derived from which language?
   A) Latin  |  B) Greek  |  C) Arabic  |  D) French
2. Who is considered the Father of Agronomy?
   A) Pietro de' Crescenzi  |  B) Liebig  |  C) Jethro Tull  |  D) Arthur Young
3. Soil Fertility means:
   A) Water holding capacity of soil  |  B) Ability of soil to provide nutrients to plants  |  C) Color of soil  |  D) Depth of soil
4. How many essential elements do plants require for their growth?
   A) 10  |  B) 15  |  C) 17  |  D) 21
5. What color tag is attached to a bag of Breeder Seed?
   A) Blue  |  B) Golden Yellow  |  C) White  |  D) Red
6. Foundation Seed is the progeny of:
   A) Certified seed  |  B) Breeder Seed  |  C) Registered seed  |  D) Truthfully labelled seed
7. What color tag is attached to Certified Seed?
   A) White  |  B) Azure Blue  |  C) Yellow  |  D) Green
8. The ability of a seed to germinate even under adverse conditions is:
   A) Seed purity  |  B) Seed Vigour  |  C) Seed moisture  |  D) Seed color
9. Soil Productivity is measured in:
   A) Kilograms  |  B) Yield or Value (Rs/ha)  |  C) Percentage  |  D) Meters
10. Who gave the 'Pure Line' theory?
    A) Mendel  |  B) Johannsen  |  C) Darwin  |  D) Watson
11. Physical purity of seed means:
    A) Absence of other varieties  |  B) Free from stones, pebbles and weed seeds  |  C) Seed is alive  |  D) None
12. In the word 'Agronomy', what does 'Agros' mean?
    A) Management  |  B) Field  |  C) Water  |  D) Seed
13. The main cause of Soil Erosion is:
    A) Wind  |  B) Water  |  C) Both A and B  |  D) Only fertilizer
14. In which year was the National Seed Corporation (NSC) established?
    A) 1947  |  B) 1963  |  C) 1966  |  D) 1975
15. Which of the following is a primary nutrient?
    A) Calcium  |  B) Magnesium  |  C) Nitrogen  |  D) Iron
16. Which is a 'natural factor' affecting soil fertility?
    A) Waterlogging  |  B) Parent Material  |  C) Method of cultivation  |  D) Soil pH
17. Seed Index means:
    A) Weight of 100 seeds  |  B) Weight of 1000 seeds  |  C) Weight of 10 seeds  |  D) Total yield
18. What is Test Weight?
    A) Weight of 100 seeds  |  B) Weight of 1000 seeds  |  C) 1 kg of seed  |  D) None
19. What is the effect of increasing Soil Organic Matter on soil fertility?
    A) Decreases  |  B) Increases  |  C) No effect  |  D) Zeroes out
20. What is the formula to calculate Real Value of seed?
    A) Purity % × Germination % / 100  |  B) Purity % + Germination %  |  C) Germination % / 100  |  D) None
21. For safe storage of seeds, moisture content (for cereals) should be:
    A) More than 20%  |  B) 6-10%  |  C) 50%  |  D) 30%
22. What is used to reclaim Alkaline Soils?
    A) Lime  |  B) Gypsum  |  C) Urea  |  D) Salt
23. What is used to break Seed Dormancy?
    A) Sunlight  |  B) Thiourea or Gibberellin  |  C) Cold water  |  D) Salt
24. What color tag is on Foundation Seed?
    A) Blue  |  B) White  |  C) Golden  |  D) Red
25. The removal of unwanted plants (off-types) from a field is called:
    A) Threshing  |  B) Roguing  |  C) Winnowing  |  D) Grading
26. Genetic purity of seed is 100% in which category?
    A) Certified seed  |  B) Breeder and Nucleus seed  |  C) Truthfully labelled seed  |  D) Registered seed
27. What is done in the Mulching method to prevent soil erosion?
    A) Burning the field  |  B) Covering the ground with residues  |  C) Ploughing on slope  |  D) Overgrazing
28. What is the main objective of Seed Certification?
    A) Increase yield  |  B) Ensuring purity and quality of the variety  |  C) Selling seeds  |  D) None
29. Soil Structure means:
    A) Size of particles  |  B) Arrangement of particles  |  C) Color  |  D) Depth
30. Breeder seed is prepared under the supervision of:
    A) Farmer  |  B) Plant Breeder  |  C) Trader  |  D) Government
31. What is important for increasing Water Use Efficiency (WUE) in dryland farming?
    A) Agronomy  |  B) Fertilizer  |  C) Soil  |  D) Wind
32. Which test is used to determine Seed Viability?
    A) Purity test  |  B) Tetrazolium test (TZ Test)  |  C) Moisture test  |  D) Color test
33. Why is Isolation Distance maintained?
    A) To run machines  |  B) To maintain genetic purity and prevent cross-pollination  |  C) For water  |  D) None
34. What is the isolation distance for certified seed of wheat?
    A) 100 meters  |  B) 3 meters  |  C) 50 meters  |  D) 10 meters
35. What is the effect of increasing Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) on fertility?
    A) Increases  |  B) Decreases  |  C) Remains stable  |  D) Zeroes out
36. What is the color of the tag for Registered Seed?
    A) Blue  |  B) Purple  |  C) White  |  D) Yellow
37. Which element is 'immobile' in plants?
    A) Nitrogen  |  B) Calcium and Boron  |  C) Phosphorus  |  D) Potassium
38. The cause of low Seed Vigour is:
    A) High moisture storage  |  B) Old seed  |  C) Mechanical damage  |  D) All of the above
39. The topmost organic horizon in a soil profile is:
    A) A  |  B) O (Organic)  |  C) B  |  D) C
40. Soil productivity is evaluated on the basis of:
    A) Color  |  B) Yield per hectare  |  C) Pebbles  |  D) Trees
41. What is 'Dockage' in the physical purity of seed?
    A) Germination %  |  B) Percentage of impurity  |  C) Moisture  |  D) Color
42. Who is responsible for Truthfully Labelled Seed?
    A) Government  |  B) Producer/Private agency  |  C) Farmer  |  D) Consumer
43. Which is a 'human factor' of soil fertility?
    A) Soil age  |  B) Method of cultivation  |  C) Parent material  |  D) Climate
44. The product of seed purity and germination % divided by 100 gives:
    A) Seed index  |  B) Real Value  |  C) Test weight  |  D) None
45. Factor affecting soil productivity is:
    A) Soil fertility  |  B) Market demand  |  C) Transport facility  |  D) All of the above