4. Carbon and its Compounds

*नोट: यह सेक्शन रिवीजन के लिए है। अपना ज्ञान परखने के लिए ऊपर दिए गए क्विज़ में भाग लें।

1. What is the amount of carbon present in the earth's crust in the form of minerals?
   A) 0.02%  |  B) 0.03%  |  C) 1%  |  D) 10%
2. What is the atomic number of Carbon?
   A) 4  |  B) 6  |  C) 12  |  D) 8
3. What type of chemical bond does Carbon form?
   A) Ionic bond  |  B) Covalent bond  |  C) Metallic bond  |  D) None of these
4. What is the valency of Carbon?
   A) 2  |  B) 4  |  C) 6  |  D) 1
5. What are Hydrocarbons?
   A) Only carbon compounds  |  B) Only hydrogen compounds  |  C) Compounds of hydrogen and carbon  |  D) None of these
6. What is the molecular formula of Methane?
   A) CH4  |  B) C2H6  |  C) C3H8  |  D) CO2
7. Which is the simplest hydrocarbon?
   A) Ethane  |  B) Methane  |  C) Propane  |  D) Butane
8. The property of Allotropy is most found in which element?
   A) Gold  |  B) Carbon  |  C) Iron  |  D) Copper
9. Diamond and Graphite are allotropes of:
   A) Sulphur  |  B) Phosphorus  |  C) Carbon  |  D) Nitrogen
10. How many carbon atoms are arranged in a football shape in Fullerene?
    A) C-20  |  B) C-50  |  C) C-60  |  D) C-100
11. Saturated hydrocarbons with single bonds are called:
    A) Alkenes  |  B) Alkynes  |  C) Alkanes  |  D) None of these
12. What is the general formula of Alkenes?
    A) CnH2n+2  |  B) CnH2n  |  C) CnH2n-2  |  D) CnHn
13. Hydrocarbons containing double bonds are called:
    A) Alkanes  |  B) Alkenes  |  C) Alkynes  |  D) Benzene
14. Hydrocarbons containing triple bonds are called:
    A) Alkanes  |  B) Alkynes  |  C) Alkenes  |  D) None of these
15. What is the difference between two consecutive members of a Homologous series?
    A) -CH-  |  B) -CH2-  |  C) -CH3-  |  D) -C2H2-
16. What is the functional group of Ethanol?
    A) -CHO  |  B) -OH  |  C) -COOH  |  D) -CO-
17. What is the functional group of Aldehyde?
    A) -OH  |  B) -CHO  |  C) -COOH  |  D) -Cl
18. What is the formula for the Carboxyl group?
    A) -OH  |  B) -COOH  |  C) -CO-  |  D) -CHO
19. Which is the 'Hydrophilic' end of a soap molecule?
    A) Long hydrocarbon tail  |  B) Ionic head  |  C) Both  |  D) None of these
20. What is the main component of Biogas?
    A) Butane  |  B) Methane  |  C) Ethane  |  D) Propane
21. The property of carbon atoms to form long chains by sharing electrons is called:
    A) Ductility  |  B) Catenation  |  C) Polymerization  |  D) Allotropy
22. What is the molecular formula of Benzene?
    A) C6H6  |  B) C6H12  |  C) C2H2  |  D) CH4
23. Saturated hydrocarbons burn in the presence of air with a:
    A) Yellow sooty flame  |  B) Clean blue flame  |  C) Red flame  |  D) Black flame
24. What is formed on the hydrogenation of vegetable oils?
    A) Oil  |  B) Vanaspati Ghee  |  C) Water  |  D) Gas
25. Which is the first member of the Alkyne series?
    A) Methane  |  B) Ethyne  |  C) Ethene  |  D) Propane
26. What is obtained by heating ethanol at 443 K with excess concentrated sulphuric acid?
    A) Ethane  |  B) Ethene  |  C) Methane  |  D) Ethanoic acid
27. A 5-8% solution of ethanoic acid in water is called:
    A) Alcohol  |  B) Vinegar  |  C) Ether  |  D) Paint
28. Which substance does not form lather with hard water?
    A) Soap  |  B) Detergent  |  C) Both  |  D) None of these
29. In which process is a Micelle formed?
    A) Combustion  |  B) Cleaning action of soap  |  C) Respiration  |  D) Photosynthesis
30. What is the meaning of Isomerism?
    A) Same molecular formula but different structures  |  B) Different formula but same structure  |  C) Same properties  |  D) None of these
31. Which is the first member of the Ketone group?
    A) Propanone  |  B) Ethanone  |  C) Butanone  |  D) Methanone
32. Which test is used for the identification of unsaturated hydrocarbons?
    A) Iodine test  |  B) Bromine water test  |  C) Salt test  |  D) Litmus test
33. In Esterification, the reaction between an acid and an alcohol forms:
    A) Soap  |  B) Ester  |  C) Ether  |  D) Ketone
34. What is the process of making soap called?
    A) Fermentation  |  B) Saponification  |  C) Combustion  |  D) Oxidation
35. Graphite is a good conductor of electricity because it has:
    A) No electrons  |  B) One free electron  |  C) Ionic bonds  |  D) None of these
36. How many structural isomers are possible for Pentane?
    A) 2  |  B) 3  |  C) 4  |  D) 5
37. Melting and boiling points of organic compounds compared to ionic compounds are:
    A) High  |  B) Low  |  C) Same  |  D) None of these
38. Combustion of coal and petroleum releases which gases that cause pollution?
    A) Oxides of nitrogen and sulphur  |  B) Only oxygen  |  C) Only helium  |  D) None of these
39. How many covalent bonds are there in the electron dot structure of CO2?
    A) 2  |  B) 4  |  C) 1  |  D) 6
40. In a soap micelle, where is the 'Tail' directed?
    A) Towards water  |  B) Towards the center (towards oily dirt)  |  C) Outwards  |  D) None of these
41. In diamond, each carbon atom is bonded to how many other carbon atoms?
    A) 2  |  B) 3  |  C) 4  |  D) 6
42. Why can layers of graphite slide over each other?
    A) Due to strong bonds  |  B) Due to weak van der Waals forces  |  C) Due to reflection  |  D) None of these
43. Why is Ethyne used with oxygen for welding instead of air?
    A) Air is expensive  |  B) To achieve complete combustion and high temperature  |  C) Air does not catch fire  |  D) None of these
44. What is Denatured Alcohol?
    A) Pure liquor  |  B) Ethanol mixed with poisonous substances like methanol  |  C) Sweet wine  |  D) Alcohol mixed with water
45. What is Glacial acetic acid?
    A) Hot acid  |  B) Pure ethanoic acid which freezes in cold  |  C) Liquid nitrogen  |  D) Vinegar
46. Why are detergents effective even in hard water?
    A) They do not form lather  |  B) Their calcium/magnesium salts are soluble in water  |  C) They are made of chemicals  |  D) None of these
47. Addition reaction mainly occurs in which hydrocarbons?
    A) Saturated  |  B) Unsaturated  |  C) All of them  |  D) Only methane
48. Ethanoic acid reacts with sodium carbonate to release which gas?
    A) H2  |  B) CO2  |  C) O2  |  D) N2
49. Why does carbon not form an 'Ionic bond'?
    A) Requirement of high energy to form C4+ or C4- ions  |  B) It is a metal  |  C) It has no electrons  |  D) None of these
50. What is the difference in molecular mass between members of a homologous series?
    A) 12 u  |  B) 14 u  |  C) 16 u  |  D) 2 u
51. The formula of the Alkyne series is CnH2n-2. If n=3, what will be the compound?
    A) Propane  |  B) Propene  |  C) Propyne  |  D) Butane
52. Which catalyst is used in Hydrogenation?
    A) Iron  |  B) Nickel or Palladium  |  C) Copper  |  D) Zinc
53. Soaps are sodium or potassium salts of long-chain ________:
    A) Carboxylic acids  |  B) Sulphuric acid  |  C) Amino acids  |  D) None of these
54. What can happen by consuming a small amount of Methanol?
    A) Obesity  |  B) Blindness or death  |  C) Feeling hungry  |  D) Sleepiness
55. In the process of fermentation, what converts sugar into alcohol?
    A) Oxygen  |  B) Enzymes in Yeast  |  C) Sunlight  |  D) Soil
56. What is the formula of Cyclopentane?
    A) C5H12  |  B) C5H10  |  C) C5H8  |  D) C5H5
57. Reaction of an ester with a base to give back alcohol and soap is called:
    A) Combustion  |  B) Saponification  |  C) Fermentation  |  D) None of these
58. The four valencies of carbon are directed towards the corners of a:
    A) Square  |  B) Regular tetrahedron  |  C) Circle  |  D) None of these
59. Due to which ions in hard water does soap form an insoluble substance (scum)?
    A) Na+ and K+  |  B) Ca2+ and Mg2+  |  C) Fe2+  |  D) Cl-
60. Which hydrocarbon is highly combustible and used in welding?
    A) Methane  |  B) Ethyne  |  C) Ethane  |  D) Benzene