1. Development

*नोट: यह सेक्शन रिवीजन के लिए है। अपना ज्ञान परखने के लिए ऊपर दिए गए क्विज़ में भाग लें।

1. Generally, the development of a country can be determined by:
   A) Per capita income  |  B) Average literacy level  |  C) Health status of its people  |  D) All of the above
2. What is meant by development?
   A) Only earning money  |  B) Progress and the desire for a better life  |  C) Building large buildings  |  D) None of these
3. What can be the developmental goals for different individuals?
   A) Same  |  B) Different or conflicting  |  C) Nothing  |  D) None of these
4. What would be the developmental goal for a landless rural laborer?
   A) Settling in the city  |  B) More days of work and better wages  |  C) Going abroad  |  D) Buying a car
5. How is Per Capita Income calculated?
   A) Total Income + Population  |  B) Total National Income / Total Population  |  C) Only the income of the rich  |  D) None of these
6. The World Bank's 'World Development Report' classifies countries based on:
   A) Per capita income  |  B) Education  |  C) Health  |  D) Happiness
7. Who publishes the Human Development Report (HDR)?
   A) World Bank  |  B) UNDP  |  C) IMF  |  D) WHO
8. What does Literacy Rate measure?
   A) Total population  |  B) Proportion of literate population in the 7 and above age group  |  C) Children going to school  |  D) None of these
9. What does Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) indicate?
   A) Number of sick children  |  B) Number of children that die before the age of one year as a proportion of 1000 live births in a year  |  C) Children not going to school  |  D) None of these
10. What is Net Attendance Ratio?
    A) Total literacy  |  B) Percentage of children of age group 14-15 attending school of the total number of children in the same age group  |  C) Number of teachers  |  D) None of these
11. Which Indian state has the lowest Infant Mortality Rate?
    A) Bihar  |  B) Kerala  |  C) Haryana  |  D) Rajasthan
12. What is average income also called?
    A) National Income  |  B) Per Capita Income  |  C) Total Profit  |  D) None of these
13. Why are Public Facilities important?
    A) They are cheap  |  B) Money cannot buy all the goods and services that one needs to live well  |  C) They are only for the poor  |  D) None of these
14. What is BMI (Body Mass Index) used to measure?
    A) Height  |  B) Nutritional status or health  |  C) Intelligence  |  D) Wealth
15. In which category does India's position in HDI (Human Development Index) fall?
    A) High development  |  B) Medium development  |  C) Low development  |  D) Very high
16. An example of a Renewable Resource is:
    A) Coal  |  B) Groundwater  |  C) Petrol  |  D) Natural gas
17. What is meant by Sustainable Development?
    A) Rapid development  |  B) Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the environment or future generations  |  C) Only becoming rich  |  D) None of these
18. Which are Non-renewable resources?
    A) Solar energy  |  B) Minerals and Fossil Fuels  |  C) Wind energy  |  D) None of these
19. What is the main reason for low Infant Mortality Rate in Kerala?
    A) It has a lot of money  |  B) Better provision of basic health and educational facilities  |  C) It has a low population  |  D) None of these
20. For development, people look at goals other than income, such as:
    A) Freedom and security  |  B) Equal treatment  |  C) Respect from others  |  D) All of the above
21. Can developmental goals for two people be destructive for each other?
    A) No  |  B) Yes (e.g., dams for industrialists and displacement for tribals)  |  C) Sometimes  |  D) None of these
22. Why is average income an incomplete measure of development?
    A) It is difficult to calculate  |  B) It hides disparities in the distribution of income  |  C) It is always wrong  |  D) None of these
23. Haryana's per capita income is higher than Kerala's, yet Kerala is ahead in education and health. Why?
    A) People in Haryana are miserly  |  B) Income increase alone is not development; distribution of basic facilities is essential  |  C) Kerala is a small state  |  D) None of these
24. What is the contribution of the Public Distribution System (PDS) to development?
    A) It only sells grains  |  B) It helps in improving the health and nutritional status of poor people  |  C) It benefits the rich  |  D) None of these
25. HDI is based on which three main indicators?
    A) Income, education, and health  |  B) Income, electricity, and roads  |  C) Money, gold, and land  |  D) None of these
26. Why is sustainable development necessary?
    A) To save money  |  B) So that resources remain for future generations  |  C) For show  |  D) None of these
27. What is the nature of the impact of Environmental Degradation?
    A) Only local  |  B) It does not respect national or state boundaries (Global/Transboundary)  |  C) Only on the poor  |  D) None of these
28. Why is it necessary to promote non-conventional sources of energy?
    A) They are expensive  |  B) They are eco-friendly and renewable  |  C) They are beautiful  |  D) None of these
29. Why are development goals other than income called 'Non-material things'?
    A) Because they are invisible  |  B) Because they cannot be bought with money (e.g., respect, love)  |  C) Because they are useless  |  D) None of these
30. What is the main difference between development measures of the World Bank and UNDP?
    A) World Bank only looks at income, UNDP looks at income along with education and health  |  B) UNDP only looks at money  |  C) There is no difference  |  D) None of these
31. If a person's BMI is less than 18.5, what will they be called?
    A) Healthy  |  B) Under-nourished  |  C) Over-nourished  |  D) Obese
32. If a person's BMI is more than 25, what will they be called?
    A) Healthy  |  B) Under-nourished  |  C) Overweight  |  D) Thin
33. In which areas of India is the groundwater crisis more prevalent?
    A) Where there is over-exploitation for agriculture (e.g., Punjab, Haryana)  |  B) Where there are no rivers  |  C) Where there is no rain  |  D) None of these
34. What does 'National Development' mean in the concept of development?
    A) Only military development  |  B) Finding a path for the welfare of all citizens of the country  |  C) Increasing foreign investment  |  D) None of these
35. Will a country with high income always be high in human development too?
    A) Yes  |  B) No, it depends on investment in health and education  |  C) Don't know  |  D) None of these
36. What does low Infant Mortality Rate indicate?
    A) Good education  |  B) Better medical and immunization facilities  |  C) More population  |  D) None of these
37. What is the main reason for low attendance of girls in schools?
    A) They don't like studying  |  B) Gender discrimination and lack of basic facilities  |  C) They want to work  |  D) None of these
38. Why is per capita income used for comparing countries?
    A) It is the easiest  |  B) It gives an idea of the average standard of living  |  C) It is the only way  |  D) None of these
39. Development without damaging the environment is called:
    A) Economic development  |  B) Sustainable development  |  C) Urban development  |  D) None of these
40. What is the 'Over-exploitation' of resources in the process of development?
    A) Careful use  |  B) Excessive and careless use beyond requirement  |  C) Saving them  |  D) None of these
41. Why is Sri Lanka ahead of India in HDI ranking?
    A) Sri Lanka is richer  |  B) Its indicators in health and education have been better than India's  |  C) There is no poverty there  |  D) None of these
42. Who gave the 'Capability Approach' to development?
    A) Amartya Sen  |  B) Adam Smith  |  C) Karl Marx  |  D) Nehru
43. What is the main problem with renewable resources?
    A) They will never end  |  B) If used faster than their replenishment rate, they too can become scarce  |  C) They cause pollution  |  D) None of these
44. What is the future of Crude Oil reserves?
    A) They are unlimited  |  B) They might be exhausted in the next few decades  |  C) They are increasing  |  D) None of these
45. What is the real meaning of human development?
    A) Accumulating money  |  B) Expansion of people's choices and improvement in their standard of living  |  C) Use of big machines  |  D) None of these
46. What is Life Expectancy at birth?
    A) Age of dying  |  B) Average expected length of life of a person at the time of birth  |  C) Total population  |  D) None of these
47. What can development mean for developed countries?
    A) Fulfilling basic needs  |  B) Maintaining high technology and quality of life  |  C) Only building roads  |  D) None of these
48. Why is the idea of 'Limits to Growth' important in development?
    A) To stop money  |  B) To remind that resources are finite and the environment is fragile  |  C) So that development doesn't happen  |  D) None of these
49. An example of inequality in per capita income is:
    A) Two countries have equal income but in one, money is in few hands  |  B) Both countries are equal  |  C) No money  |  D) None of these
50. What is used to measure 'Education' in UNDP's report?
    A) Number of schools  |  B) Mean years of schooling and expected years of schooling  |  C) Number of degrees  |  D) None of these
51. Why is 'Displacement' a big challenge in the process of development?
    A) People want to move  |  B) It takes away people's homes, livelihoods, and culture  |  C) It is good  |  D) None of these
52. Does economic development always bring social justice?
    A) Yes  |  B) No, it is necessary that benefits of development reach all sections of society  |  C) Don't know  |  D) None of these
53. What is the relationship between GDP and human development?
    A) GDP growth is human development  |  B) GDP is a means, human development is the end (goal)  |  C) There is no relationship  |  D) None of these
54. What is meant by 'Shared Future' for development?
    A) Only own development  |  B) Facing global problems together and adopting sustainable development  |  C) None of these  |  D) Distributing money
55. Why are Middle Eastern countries often not considered 'developed' despite high per capita income?
    A) There is oil there  |  B) They may lag behind in other human development standards (education/freedom)  |  C) There is a desert there  |  D) None of these
56. How can the 'conflict' between environmental protection and development be resolved?
    A) By stopping development  |  B) By adopting sustainable development and green technology  |  C) By forgetting the environment  |  D) None of these
57. What is the reason for the development gap between 'rich' and 'poor' states in India?
    A) Difference in infrastructure and investment  |  B) Natural resources  |  C) Quality of governance  |  D) All of the above
58. What is the role of 'Institutions' in the development of a nation?
    A) Negligible  |  B) Extremely important (e.g., rule of law, educational institutions)  |  C) They are just buildings  |  D) None of these
59. By which year is the global goal of Sustainable Development (SDG) aimed to be achieved?
    A) 2020  |  B) 2030  |  C) 2050  |  D) 2100
60. What should be the ultimate goal of development?
    A) Maximum production  |  B) Human welfare and happiness  |  C) Only military power  |  D) None of these